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  1. Overview - Aplastic anemia

    Verified Expert
    Also known as: bone marrow aplasia
    A rare disease condition in which the bone marrow does not produce adequate number of new blood cells. This causes tiredness, shortness of breath, rapid heart rate, nexplained bruising, nose bleeds, headache and fever.
    Condition Highlight
    Urgent medical attention is usually recommended in severe cases by healthcare providers
    Condition Highlight
    Can be dangerous or life threatening if untreated
    How common is condition?
    Extremely rare (Fewer than 1,000 cases per year in US)
    Is condition treatable?
    Treatments can help manage condition, no known cure
    Does diagnosis require lab test or imaging?
    Requires lab test or imaging
    Time taken for recovery
    Can last several years or be lifelong
    Condition Highlight
    Family history may increase likelihood for some types
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    Causes

    Verified Expert

    It may be idiopathic (due to an unknown cause), acquired or hereditary

    • It occurs due to damage to the bone marrow causing slowing or the shutting down of production of new blood cells

    Acquired aplastic anemia is linked to-

    • Autoimmune disorders that lead to the immune system to attack the bone marrow
    • Toxic substances
    • Chemotherapy or radiotherapy treatment
    • Pregnancy
    • Viral infection such as Epstein-Barr virus, Hepatitis, or HIV
    • Certain medications including some antibiotics
    • Cancer that affects has spread to the bone marrow
    • Inherited conditions that lead to aplastic anemia include:
    • Fanconi anemia
    • Dyskeratosis congenital
    • Schwachman-Diamond syndrome

    See more

    Symptoms

    Verified Expert
    Contact your provider if experiencing new, severe, or persistent symptoms.

    The symptoms include:

    • Fatigue
    • Rapid or irregular beating of the heart
    • Gingival bleeding
    • Headache
    • Shortness of breath
    • Pallor
    • Prolonged bleeding
    • Prolonged or frequent infections
    • Dizziness
    • Cold feeling in the hands and feet
    • Nausea

    See more
    What is inherited aplastic anemia?
    Inherited aplastic anemia is related to gene defects you were born with that cause your bone marrow to fail. If you have this type, your bone marrow won't make enough stem cells to produce enough blood cells. Some inherited conditions with links to aplastic anemia include: Acquired aplastic anemia.
    webmd.com

    Treatment

    Verified Expert

    Severe aplastic anemia is a hematological emergency that needs immediate care. Medication normally depends on the choice of therapy, which can be stem cell transplantation, immunosuppressive therapy or supportive care.

    Medication

    Hematopoietic growth factors: They are colony stimulating factors that stimulate production of blood cells from the bone marrow.

    Sargramostim . Filgrastim

    Chelating agents: To get rid of excess iron which is seen in patients who have had several transfusions.

    Deferoxamine . Deferasirox

    Immunosuppressants: To suppress the immune system and prevent it from causing further damage to the bone marrow.

    Cyclosporine

    Antibiotics: To prevent infections.

    Amoxicillin . Ciprofloxacin

    Antineoplastic agents: As a part of cancer treatment.

    Fludarabine

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    Diagnosis

    Verified Expert
    One or more of these tests may be recommended by your medical provider.
    Diagnostic tests are performed to look for the underlying cause, assess the severity of the disease and to rule out other causes.

    Common tests & procedures

    Complete blood count (CBC): Checks for the count of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets; Reticulocyte count checks for the count of young blood cells.

    Bone marrow biopsy: Used to assess the quantities and quality of the blood cells. May also be useful in diagnosing viral infections although the yield is generally low.

    See more
    Source: Focus Medica. For informational purposes only. Consult a medical professional for advice.
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    Table of Contents
    Overview
    Causes
    Symptoms
    What is inherited aplastic anemia?
    Treatment
    Health guide
    Diagnosis
     

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