Astronomy is an ancient science, long separated from the study of terrestrial physics. In the Aristotelian worldview, bodies in the sky appeared to be unchanging See more

Observational astronomy is a division of the astronomical science that is concerned with recording and interpreting data, in contrast with theoretical astrophysics, which is mainly concerned with finding out the measurable implications of physical models See more

• Astrochemistry – Study of molecules in the Universe and their reactions
• Astronomical observatories
• Astronomical spectroscopy – Study of astronomy using spectroscopy to measure the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation See more

• Astronomy and Astrophysics, a European Journal
• Astrophysical Journal
• Cosmic Journey: A History of Scientific Cosmology Archived 2008-10-21 at the Wayback Machine from the American Institute of Physics See more

Theoretical astrophysicists use a wide variety of tools which include analytical models (for example, polytropes to approximate the … See more

The roots of astrophysics can be found in the seventeenth century emergence of a unified physics, in which the same laws applied to the celestial and terrestrial realms. There were scientists who were qualified in both physics and astronomy who laid the firm … See more

• Longair, Malcolm S. (2006), The Cosmic Century: A History of Astrophysics and Cosmology, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, See more