The corals that form the great reef ecosystems of tropical seas depend upon a symbiotic relationship with algae … See more

Coral bleaching may be caused by a number of factors. While localized triggers lead to localized bleaching, the large-scale coral bleaching events of recent years have been triggered by global warming. Under the increas… See more

Extreme bleaching events are directly linked with climate-induced phenomena that increase ocean temperature, such as El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The warming ocean surface waters can lead to bleaching o… See more

Elevated sea water temperatures are the main cause of mass bleaching events. Sixty major episodes of coral bleaching have occurred between 1979 and 1990, with the associated coral mortality affecting reefs in every part … See more

Coral bleaching events and the subsequent loss of coral coverage often result in the decline of fish diversity. The loss of diversity and abundance in herbivorous fish particularly affect coral reef ecosystems. As mass bleac… See more

The Great Barrier Reef along the coast of Australia experienced bleaching events in 1980, 1982, 1992, 1994, 1998, 2002, 2006, 2016, 2017 and 2022. Some locations suffered severe damage, with up to 90% mortality. T… See more