The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, part of the World Trade Organization framework defines a customs union in the following … See more

The German Customs Union, the Zollverein, which was established in 1834, and gradually developed and expanded, was a customs union … See more

The main feature of the Customs Union is that the member countries have not only eliminated trade barriers and implemented free trade, but also established a common external tariff. In other words, in addition to agreeing to eliminate each other's trade barriers, members … See more

The exclusive protection measures of the Customs Union mainly include the following:
• Reduce tariffs until the tariffs within the union are cancelled. In order to achieve this goal, the alliance often stipulates that the member … See more

• It avoids the problem that the free trade zone needs to be supplemented by the principle of origin to maintain the normal flow of commodities. Here, instead of the principle of origin, a common 'foreign barrier' is built. In this sense, the customs union is more … See more

Economic effects of customs unions can generally be grouped into static effects and dynamic effects.
Static effects
There are trade creation effects and trade diversion effects. The trade … See more

• The McGill University Faculty of Law runs a Regional Trade Agreements Database that contains the text of almost all preferential and regional trade agreements in the world. ptas.mcgill.ca
• Michael T. Florinsky. 1934. The Saar Struggle. … See more