Cybernetics has been defined in a variety of ways, reflecting "the richness of its conceptual base." One of the best … See more

The Ancient Greek term κυβερνητικός (kubernētikos, '(good at) steering') appears in Plato's Republic and Alcibiades, where the metaphor of a steersman is used to signify the governance of people. The French word cybernétiqu… See more

The initial focus of cybernetics was on parallels between regulatory feedback processes in biological and technological systems. Two foundational articles were published in 1943: "Behavior, Purpose and Teleology" … See more

The central theme in cybernetics is feedback. Feedback is a process where the observed outcomes of actions are taken as inputs for further action in ways that support the pursuit, maintenance, or disruption of particular c… See more

Cybernetics' central concept of circular causality is of wide applicability, leading to diverse applications and relations with other fields. Many of the initial applications of cybernetics focused on engineering, biology, and exchan… See more

Academic journals with focuses in cybernetics include:
• Constructivist Foundations
• Cybernetics and Human Knowing
• Cybernetics and Systems… See more

• Autonomous agency theory
• Complex systems
• Gaia hypothesis
• The Human Use of Human Beings… See more