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  1. Deception in animals - Wikipedia

    • Deception in animals is the voluntary or involuntary transmission of misinformation by one animal to another, of the same or different species, in a way that misleads the other animal. Robert Mitchell identifies four levels of deception in animals. At the first level, as with protective mimicry like false eyespots and camouflage, the action or display i… See more

    Definitions

    Some types of deception in animals are completely involuntary (e.g. disruptive colouration), but others are under voluntary … See more

    First-level deception: mimicry and camouflage

    At the first level, an animal acts because it cannot do otherwise, it is programmed to deceive in a certain way. For example, false eyespots such as butterfly markings that indicate their heads are at the back end of their bodie… See more

    Second-level deception: programmed behaviours

    At the second level, an animal conducts a programmed act of behaviour when another organism is registered. Examples include a predator's behaving in such a way as to hide its predatory nature around prey.
    A well-rese… See more

     
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  2. Deception in nonhuman animals is defined as the sending out of false signals in an attempt to modify the behavior of another animal in ways that benefit the sender.
    www.scientificamerican.com/article/deception-in-the-animal-kingdom/
    www.scientificamerican.com/article/deception-in-the-animal-kingdom/
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  4. Deception in the Animal Kingdom | Scientific American

    Sep 1, 2019 — Camouflage, mimicry and tactical deception are three key types of animal deception, with blurred boundaries between categories, as the …

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  5. Deception - Wikipedia

  6. Nature’s cheats: how animals and plants trick and …

    Mar 14, 2016 — One of the main uses of deception in nature is to secure food. The fork-tailed drongo is a bird found in Southern Africa that lurks around group-living species, including meerkats, and might at...

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  7. Theory of mind in animals - Wikipedia

  8. Masters of Deception: 5 Two-Faced Species - National Geographic

  9. Aggressive Mimicry and the Evolution of the Human Cognitive Niche

  10. 7 surprising species that are masters of deception - Inverse

  11. Everybody Lies: Deception Levels in Various Domains of Life

  12. Merry Crypsis! 8 animals that are masters of deception

    Dec 21, 2019 — Camouflage and mimicry are the most common forms of crypsis, but many creatures rely on chemical deception to fool a predator or prey into sniffing up the wrong tree.

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  13. Mimicry, Camouflage and Perceptual Exploitation: the Evolution of ...

  14. The evolutionary ecology of deception - Mokkonen - 2016

  15. The evolution of deception | Royal Society Open Science

  16. Talk:Deception in animals - Wikipedia

  17. Deception in animals - Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core

  18. (PDF) Deception in animals | Dishan Shah

    In animals, deception is the transmission of misinformation by one animal to another, of the same or different species, in a way that propagates beliefs that are not true, this may or may not be a conscious act depending on different levels …

  19. Deimatic behaviour - Wikipedia

  20. Deception in Animals - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia - Scribd

  21. APA Dictionary of Psychology

  22. Deception Island - Wikipedia

  23. Sexual mimicry - Wikipedia