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  1. Dementia
    DementiaNeurodegenerative disease
    OverviewSymptomsCausesDiagnosisTreatmentsDoctors
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    Overview - Dementia

    Verified Expert
    Also known as: major neurocognitive disorder
    A group of symptoms that affects memory, thinking and interfers with daily life.
    Condition Highlight
    Urgent medical attention is usually recommended in severe cases by healthcare providers
    How common is condition?
    Very common (More than 3 million cases per year in US)
    Is condition treatable?
    Treatments can help manage condition, no known cure
    Does diagnosis require lab test or imaging?
    Often requires lab test or imaging
    Condition Highlight
    Common for ages 60 and older
    Condition Highlight
    More common in females
    Condition Highlight
    Family history may increase likelihood
    See more

    Causes

    Verified Expert

    • Damage to brain cells is the primary cause of dementia. Causes for this damage include:
    • Advance age, as in case of Alzheimer’s disease
    • Family history
    • Damage to blood vessels of the brain
    • Accumulation of clumps of protein in the brain
    • Genetic disorders such as Huntington's disease
    • Mental and neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s disease and depression
    • Traumatic brain injury or repetitive brain injury as seen in boxers
    • Infections which cause high fever
    • Metabolic disorders such as thyroid problems and diabetes
    • Certain medications
    • Vitamin deficiencies
    • Poisoning with heavy metals or pesticides
    • Alcohol abuse
    • Brain tumor or cancer
    • Enlarged structures of the brain

    See more

    Symptoms

    Verified Expert
    Contact your provider if experiencing new, severe, or persistent symptoms.

    The symptoms include:

    Cognitive and sensory changes:

    • Memory loss, generally noticed by the near and dear ones
    • Difficulty in communication, especially finding the right words to communicate
    • Reduced ability to organize, plan, reason, or solve problems
    • Difficulty handling complex tasks
    • Confusion and disorientation
    • Difficulty with coordination and motor functions
    • Loss of or Reduced visual perception
    • Metallic taste in mouth, decreased sense of smell
    • Agnosia - unable to identify objects or persons

    Psychological changes:

    • Changes in personality and behavior
    • Depression
    • Anxiety
    • Hallucinations
    • Mood swings
    • Agitation
    • Apathy - lack of interest or emotions

    See more
    Is dementia a normal part of aging?
    Alzheimer's Association. Retrieved August 6, 2018. Dementia is often incorrectly referred to as "senility" or "senile dementia," which reflects the formerly widespread but incorrect belief that serious mental decline is a normal part of aging. ^ Taylor DC. "Dementia". MedicineNet. Retrieved August 6, 2018.
    en.wikipedia.org

    Treatment

    Verified Expert

    Most types of dementia cannot be cured. Treatments aim at reducing symptoms and progression of the condition.

    Medication

    Cholinesterase inhibitors: Helps to improve memory and cognitive functioning.

    Donepezil . Galantamine

    NMDA receptor antagonists: To improve learning and memory.

    Memantine

    Antipsychotics: To treat symptoms of anxiety, depression, and agitation.

    Risperidone

    See more

    Diagnosis

    Verified Expert
    One or more of these tests may be recommended by your medical provider.
    Diagnosis aims at finding at least two impaired mental functions that interfere with daily activities. Doctor may order several tests to confirm the diagnosis.

    Common tests & procedures

    Patient history: Family history or any other injuries to head.

    Laboratory examination: Include blood and spinal fluid examinations to check for infections, nutritional deficiencies and hormonal imbalance.

    Psychological examination: To determine mental health conditions causing dementia.

    Cognitive and neuropsychological tests: To evaluate thinking, memory, reasoning, judgment, language, and attention abilities.

    Neurological test: To check for visual perception, movements, problem-solving, senses, balance, and reflexes.

    CT scan: CT scan of brain is done to check bleeding or tumor in the brain.

    Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): MRI of the brain provides a detailed image of abnormalities of the brain.

    Positron emission tomography (PET): This is done to check for brain activities.

    See more
    Source: Focus Medica. For informational purposes only. Consult a medical professional for advice.
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  2. People also ask
    What does dementia mean?
    The word 'dementia' describes a set of symptoms that over time can affect memory, problem-solving, language and behaviour. Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia. You can also read our information about dementia in accessible formats, including audio, Easy Read and British Sign Language. Dementia is a group of symptoms.

    What is dementia? | Alzheimer's Society

    alzheimers.org.uk
    What is dementia & how does it affect a person?
    Dementia is a broad term for loss of thinking ability that’s severe enough to interfere with your daily life. Thinking abilities include things such as memory, language skills, problem-solving, visual perception, self-management, and your ability to focus and pay attention. About 5%-8% of people over age 65 have some form of dementia.

    Dementia: Stages, Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments - WebMD

    webmd.com
    Is dementia a normal part of aging?
    Alzheimer's Association. Retrieved August 6, 2018. Dementia is often incorrectly referred to as "senility" or "senile dementia," which reflects the formerly widespread but incorrect belief that serious mental decline is a normal part of aging. ^ Taylor DC. "Dementia". MedicineNet. Retrieved August 6, 2018.

    Dementia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org
    Why do people get dementia?
    Alzheimer’s disease causes cognitive decline, eventually leading to dementia. It’s the most common reason why people get dementia. Vascular dementia is the second most common type of dementia. Common early signs of vascular dementia include problems with planning or organising, making decisions or solving problems.

    What is dementia? | Alzheimer's Society

    alzheimers.org.uk
     
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