There are two main opposing grapheme concepts.
In the so-called referential conception, graphemes are interpreted as the smallest units of writing that correspond with sounds (more … See more

Graphemes are often notated within angle brackets: e.g. ⟨a⟩. This is analogous to the slash notation /a/ used for phonemes. Analogous to the square bracket notation [a] used for phones, glyphs are sometimes denoted with vertical lines, e.g. |ɑ|. See more

The principal types of graphemes are logograms (more accurately termed morphograms ), which represent words or morphemes (for example Chinese characters, the ampersand "&" representing the word and, Arabic numerals See more

• Character (computing) – Primitive data type
• Grapheme–color synesthesia – Synesthesia that associates numbers or letters with colors
• Sign (semiotics) – Something that communicates meaning See more

In the same way that the surface forms of phonemes are speech sounds or phones (and different phones representing the same phoneme are … See more

As mentioned in the previous section, in languages that use alphabetic writing systems, many of the graphemes stand in principle for the phonemes (significant sounds) of the language. In practice, however, the orthographies of such languages entail at … See more