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  1. Hepatitis B
    Hepatitis BHuman viral infection
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  2. Overview - Hepatitis B

    Verified Expert
    Also known as: HBV, hep B
    A serious infection of the liver caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV).
    Condition Highlight
    Urgent medical attention is usually recommended by healthcare providers
    How common is condition?
    Common (More than 200,000 cases per year in US)
    Is condition treatable?
    Treatments can help manage condition, no known cure
    Does diagnosis require lab test or imaging?
    Often requires lab test or imaging
    Is condition preventable by vaccine?
    Usually preventable by vaccine
    How is condition transmitted?
    Transmitted through direct contact
    Condition Highlight
    More common in males
    See more

    Causes

    Verified Expert

    An infection caused by virus hepatitis B. The risk factors include:

    • HBV is transmitted through direct exposure to the virus which may include contacts such as:
    • Infected blood, semen, or other body fluids
    • Unprotected sexual contact with an Infected person
    • Sharing contaminated needles and syringes
    • Accidental needle sticks, commonly reported in healthcare workers
    • Infected mother to child during child birth
    • Homosexuality in men
    • Transfusion of Infected blood or blood products
    • Transplantation of Infected organs

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    Symptoms

    Verified Expert
    Seek immediate medical attention if you experience symptoms.

    Common symptoms are:

    • Yellow coloring of the skin and the whites of the eyes (jaundice)
    • Dark urine
    • Pale colored stools
    • Pale coloured stools
    • Pain in the area of liver or abdominal Pain
    • Joint Pain
    • Fever
    • Itching all over the body
    • Nausea and vomiting
    • Loss of appetite
    • Extreme fatigue and weakness

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    Does HBV have a treatment?
    The presence of total anti-HBc alone might indicate acute, resolved, or chronic infection or a false-positive result. No specific therapy is available for persons with acute HBV infection; treatment is supportive. Persons with chronic HBV infection should be referred for evaluation to a provider experienced in managing such infections.
    cdc.gov

    Treatment

    Verified Expert

    Chronic form of the infection is not curable, but HBV is preventable by vaccination.

    Medication

    Antivirals: Cannot clear the infection but can stop the replication of the virus and minimize liver damage.

    Lamivudine . Adefovir . Entecavir

    Immunomodulators: Reduces the viral load by preventing replication of viruses. Response differs with genetic variations of the virus.

    Interferon alfa-2b

    See more

    Diagnosis

    Verified Expert
    One or more of these tests may be recommended by your medical provider.
    To check for infection or other causes of the symptoms, tests are performed to detect the presence of Hepatitis B antigens and antibodies such as HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb), and hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb). The presence of HBsAg indicates that the person is infectious; the presence of HBsAb may indicate recovery and immunity from HBV infection, or successful immunization against HBV.

    Common tests & procedures

    Antigen test: A blood test to detect the presence of HBsAg which confirms the infection.

    Transient elastography: An ultrasound test which helps in detecting the amount of liver damage.

    Biopsy: Extracting a small piece of the liver to assess the extent of damage to liver.

    See more
    Source: Focus Medica. For informational purposes only. Consult a medical professional for advice.
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    Table of Contents
    Overview
    Causes
    Symptoms
    Does HBV have a treatment?
    Treatment
    Health guide
    Diagnosis
     

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