Reagents can be applied manually by pipette, or the protocol can be adapted for automated and semi-automated … See more

Perform antigen retrieval before commencing with immunostaining if necessary. If using a HRP conjugate for detection, blocking of endogenous peroxidase can be performed but we recommen… See more

This technique uses the high affinity of avidin for biotin, an enzyme co-factor in carboxylation reactions. Avidin has four binding sites for biotin and binding is essentially irreversible. In brief, the primary antibody is … See more

Both avidin-biotin methods (ABC and LSAB) are losing favor to new polymer-enzyme-antibody products that consist of a secondary antibody (eg anti-mouse and/or rabbit IgG) attached to a polymer-enzyme complex. T… See more

One of the most effective amplification procedures is the patented and licensed method, TSE (also known as TSA or CSA). It is useful for detection of sparse antigens that other systems have difficulty detecting, and for imp… See more