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  1. An infection of the air sacs in one or both the lungs. Characterized by severe cough with phlegm, fever, chills and difficulty in breathing.
    Condition Highlight
    Urgent medical attention is usually recommended by healthcare providers
    Condition Highlight
    Can be dangerous or life threatening if untreated
    How common is condition?
    Very common (More than 3 million cases per year in US)
    Is condition treatable?
    Treatable by a medical professional
    Does diagnosis require lab test or imaging?
    Often requires lab test or imaging
    Time taken for recovery
    Can last several weeks or months
    Is condition preventable by vaccine?
    May be preventable by vaccine
    How is condition transmitted?
    Transmitted through respiratory droplets
    See more

    Causes

    Verified Expert

    An infection caused by bacteria or virus. Fungi or mycoplasma can rarely be the cause. Fungal pneumonia is not infectious.

    • Bacterial and viral pneumonia spread through inhalation of airborne droplets by coughing or sneezing

    Risk factors include:

    • Age - the most vulnerable are children below 2 years and adults above 65 years
    • Hospitalized in intensive care unit and if on support of ventilator for a prolonged period
    • Lung diseases such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can increase the risk
    • Smoking
    • Poor immune system - persons with weak immune system due to conditions such as HIV/AIDS, Cancer or undergone organ transplants

    See more

    Symptoms

    Verified Expert
    Seek immediate medical attention if you experience symptoms.

    Symptoms may include:

    • Cough with mucus or phlegm
    • Fever usually of high grade with chills
    • Fast breathing
    • Shortness of breath
    • Chest pain while coughing
    • Fast heartbeat
    • Feeling very tired or very weak
    • Nausea and vomiting
    • Diarrhea
    • Loss of appetite
    • Body pain
    • Severely affected patients my cough up blood or show cyanosis (have a blue color around the mouth due to lack of oxygen)

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    Treatment

    Verified Expert

    The course of treatment depends on the cause of infection, symptoms and severity of the condition.

    Medication

    Antibiotics: To treat bacterial infection.

    Levofloxacin . Azithromycin

    Antivirals: To treat viral infection.

    Oseltamivir . Zanamivir

    Antifungals: If the infection is caused by fungi.

    Fluconazole . Itraconazole

    Analgesics: To ease symptoms of pain.

    Acetaminophen . Ibuprofen

    Cough suppressants: To relieve cough.

    Dextromethorphan . Codeine

    See more

    Diagnosis

    Verified Expert
    One or more of these tests may be recommended by your medical provider.
    Diagnosis is done by reviewing medical history, physical examination and lab tests to confirm the condition.

    Common tests & procedures

    X-ray: Chest X-ray is taken to check the presence of infection.

    Blood culture: To check the presence of infection and identify the causative organism.

    Sputum culture test: To confirm the cause of infection.

    Urine test: Bacterial infection of streptococcus pneumonia and legionella pneumoniphila can be identified.

    Pulse oximetry: To measure oxygen flow to the lungs.

    CT scan: CT scan of chest is performed to detect the severity of infection.

    Bronchoscopy: A camera fitted tube is inserted into the lungs to look into the airways and to sample out via bronchial wash helping in diagnosing the causative agent.

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  2. Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung primarily affecting the small air sacs known as alveoli. [ 3 ][ 14 ] Symptoms typically include some combination of productive or dry cough, chest pain, fever, and difficulty breathing. [ 15 ] The severity of the condition is variable.
    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumonia
    Pneumonia is a disease of the lungs and the lower respiratory system. The lung contains many small bulbs, or sacs, called alveoli. These help to take out oxygen from the air. In the case of pneumonia, these bulbs become inflamed. The lungs fill up with a fluid which is called pus, and can no longer absorb as much oxygen as before.
    simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumonia
    Pneumonia is an infection of one or both of the lungs caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. It is a serious infection in which the air sacs fill with pus and other liquid. Lobar pneumonia affects one or more sections (lobes) of the lungs. Bronchial pneumonia (also known as bronchopneumonia) affects patches throughout both lungs.
    www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-di…
    Pneumonia is an infection that causes inflammation in one or both of the lungs. The pulmonary alveoli fill with fluid or pus making it difficult to breathe. Pneumonia can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites. Viruses are the most common cause of pneumonia in children, while in adults bacteria are a more common cause.
    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_pneumonia
    Pneumonia is a common respiratory infection, affecting approximately 450 million people a year and occurring in all parts of the world. It is a major cause of death among all age groups, resulting in 1.4 million deaths in 2010 (7% of the world's yearly total) and 3.0 million deaths in 2016 (the 4th leading cause of death in the world).
    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidemiology_of_pneumonia
     
  3. Pneumonia - Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic

  4. Pneumococcal pneumonia - Wikipedia

  5. Pneumonia - World Health Organization (WHO)

    Aug 31, 2021 · Pneumonia is a form of acute respiratory infection that is most commonly caused by viruses or bacteria. It can cause mild to life-threatening illness in people of all ages, however it is the single largest infectious cause of …

  6. Pneumonia: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis

    While all pneumonia is inflammation caused by an infection in your lungs, you may have different symptoms depending on whether the root cause is a virus, bacteria or fungi. Bacterial pneumonia tends to be more common and more …

  7. Bacterial pneumonia - Wikipedia

    Learn about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of bacterial pneumonia, a type of pneumonia caused by bacterial infection. Find out the different types of bacteria, how they affect the lungs, and how they are …

  8. Pneumonia - What Is Pneumonia? - NHLBI, NIH

    Mar 24, 2022 · Pneumonia is a lung infection that causes your air sacs to fill up with fluid or pus. Learn about the causes, risk factors, signs and symptoms, and treatment for pneumonia.

  9. Pneumonia: Diagnosis, Symptoms, and Treatment

    Jun 24, 2024 · Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs caused by fungi, bacteria, or viruses. General symptoms include chest pain, fever, cough, and trouble breathing. Healthline

  10. Overview of Pneumonia - Overview of Pneumonia - The Merck …

  11. Pneumonia - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic

  12. Pneumonia: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

    Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that can make it hard for the oxygen you breathe to get into your bloodstream. Most cases of pneumonia are caused by bacteria or viruses, but pneumonia can also be caused by fungi.

  13. About Pneumonia | Pneumonia | CDC - Centers for Disease …

  14. Epidemiology of pneumonia - Wikipedia

  15. Pneumonia - Johns Hopkins Medicine

  16. Pneumonia Stages, Their Symptoms, and Condition …

  17. Pneumonia: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment - Verywell Health

  18. Pneumonia: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment - WebMD

  19. Classification of pneumonia - Wikipedia

  20. 8 things you should know about pneumonia - Harvard Health

  21. Viral pneumonia - Wikipedia

  22. Mycoplasma pneumonia - Wikipedia