Before the 1770s, textile production was a cottage industry using flax and wool. Weaving was a family activity. The children and women would card the fibre – break up and clean … See more

Circa 1900 there was a high incidence of scrotal cancer detected in former mule spinners. It was limited to cotton mule spinners and did not affect woollen or condenser mule … See more

• Catling, Harold (1986). The Spinning Mule. Preston: The Lancashire Library. ISBN 0-902228-61-7.
• Nasmith, Joseph (1895). Recent Cotton Mill Construction and Engineering (Elibron Classics ed.). London: John Heywood. ISBN See more

• Watch video demonstration #1
Mule spindles rest on a carriage that travels on a track a distance of 60 inches (1.5 m), while … See more

The spinning inventions were significant in enabling a great expansion to occur in the production of textiles, particularly cotton ones. Cotton and iron were leading sectors in the See more

• Cotton mill
• Textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution
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• Short video showing the spinning of cotton yarn on a self-acting cotton mule. The video shows how broken yarn is "pieced" together - … See more