The word derives from the Arabic and Semitic root salaṭa "to be hard, strong". The noun sulṭān initially designated a kind of moral authority or … See more

By the beginning of the 16th century, the title sultan was carried by both men and women of the Ottoman dynasty and was replacing other titles by which prominent members of the imperial family had been known (notably khatun for women and bey for men). This … See more

Sultanates in the Balkans, Anatolia and Central Asia
• Ghaznavid Empire; its ruler, Mahmud of Ghazni, … See more

A feminine form of sultan, used by Westerners, is Sultana or Sultanah and this title has been used legally for some (not all) See more

These are generally secondary titles, either lofty 'poetry' or with a message, e.g.:
• Mani … See more

In a number of post-caliphal states under Mongol or Turkic rule, there was a feudal type of military hierarchy. These administrations were often decimal (mainly in larger empires), using originally princely titles such as khan, malik, amir as mere rank denominations. See more

• Suratrana
• Mansa
• Khan (title), Ilkhan and Khakhan
• Emir (Amir) See more