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- Abdulhamid II, Ottoman sultan from 1876 to 1909, under whose autocratic rule the reform movement of Tanzimat (Reorganization) reached its climax and who adopted a policy of pan-Islamism in opposition to Western intervention in Ottoman affairs. He was deposed after the Young Turk Revolution.Learn more:Abdulhamid II, Ottoman sultan from 1876 to 1909, under whose autocratic rule the reform movement of Tanzimat (Reorganization) reached its climax and who adopted a policy of pan-Islamism in opposition to Western intervention in Ottoman affairs. He was deposed after the Young Turk Revolution.www.britannica.com/biography/Abdulhamid-IIAbdülhamid II was the last Ottoman Sultan to rule with absolute power. He saw the loss of the Balkans and of Cyprus, amassed crippling debts and moved the Empire into what proved to be a disastrous alliance with Germany.www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Abdul_Hami…ABDUL-HAMID II (1842–1918), sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1876 to 1909. Abdul-Hamid II's reign as sultan was marked by the attempted promulgation of a constitution in 1876, his subsequent suppression of the constitution, and, in 1908, the Young Turk Revolution that forced its reinstatement.www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-alm…
His reign (1876-1909) was marked by significant modernization efforts, political intrigue, and resistance against European colonial ambitions. Some call him the “ Red Sultan ” due to the Armenian massacres, while others see him as the “ Great Khan ” who delayed the empire’s collapse.
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Abdul Hamid II - Wikipedia
Abdulhamid II or Abdul Hamid II (Ottoman Turkish: عبد الحميد ثانی, romanized: Abd ul-Hamid-i s̱ānī; Turkish: II. Abdülhamid; 21 September 1842 – 10 February 1918) was the 34th sultan of the Ottoman Empire, from 1876 to 1909, and the last sultan to exert effective control over the fracturing state. He oversaw a period of … See more
Hamid Efendi was born on 21 September 1842 either in Çırağan Palace, Ortaköy, or at Topkapı Palace, both in Constantinople. He was the son of Sultan Abdulmejid I and Tirimüjgan Kadın See more
Disintegration
Abdul Hamid's distrust of the reformist admirals of the Ottoman Navy (whom he suspected of plotting against him and trying to restore the constitution) and his subsequent decision to lock the Ottoman fleet (the world's … See moreAbdul Hamid was conveyed into captivity at Salonica (now Thessaloniki), mostly at the Villa Allatini in the city's southern outskirts. In 1912, when Salonica fell to Greece, he was … See more
Abdul Hamid II was a skilled carpenter and personally crafted some high-quality furniture, which can be seen at the Yıldız Palace, Şale Köşkü, and Beylerbeyi Palace in … See more
• Abdul the Damned (1935) portrays a time near the end of the sultan's life.
• Barry Unsworth's historical novel The Rage of the Vulture … See moreWikipedia text under CC-BY-SA license Abdulhamid II | Biography, History, & Facts | Britannica
Feb 6, 2025 · Abdulhamid II, Ottoman sultan from 1876 to 1909, under whose autocratic rule the reform movement of Tanzimat (Reorganization) reached its …
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Ottoman Sultan Abdul Hamid II - World History Edu
Jan 2, 2025 · Abdul Hamid II was the 34th sultan of the Ottoman Empire. Reigning from 1876 to 1909, his tenure marked the last phase in which a sultan wielded substantial authority over a state gradually succumbing to internal …
Abdulhamid II: An autocrat, reformer and the last …
Mar 29, 2024 · Abdulhamid II is one of the most controversial and divisive figures in modern Turkish history. His detractors call him the "kizil sultan" (the red sultan) after the blood they hold him...
Ottoman Empire - Abdulhamid II, Reforms, Autocracy | Britannica
Hamidian Period - Wikipedia
The Hamidian period (c. 1878–1908), was named after Sultan Abdul Hamid II, the 34th sultan of the Ottoman Empire, from 1876 to 1909, and the last sultan to exert effective control over the …
Abdul Hamid II - New World Encyclopedia
Abdülhamid II was the last Ottoman Sultan to rule with absolute power. He saw the loss of the Balkans and of Cyprus, amassed crippling debts and moved the Empire into what proved to be a disastrous alliance with Germany.
Abdul Hamid II – The Last Great Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
Mar 15, 2025 · Abdul Hamid II was more than just an Ottoman Sultan —he was a master strategist, a feared autocrat, and a deeply religious yet pragmatic ruler. His reign (1876-1909) …
Abdul-Hamid II - Encyclopedia.com
ABDUL-HAMID II (1842–1918), sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1876 to 1909. Abdul-Hamid II's reign as sultan was marked by the attempted promulgation of a constitution in 1876, his …
Abdul Hamid II (34th Sultan of Ottoman Empire)
Sep 22, 2024 · Abdul Hamid II (Ottoman Turkish: عبد الحميد ثانی , `Abdü’l-Ḥamīd-i s ânî; Turkish: İkinci Abdülhamit; 21 September 1842 – 10 February 1918) was the 34th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and the last Sultan to exert effective …
Sultan Abdul Hamid II - History of Islam
Beginning with the Crimean War (1853-1856), the Ottoman debt mounted steadily. The burden of keeping a large standing army and modernizing it in the face of perpetual foreign threats required continued borrowing, so that by 1878 …
Abdul Hamid II: 34th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
Oct 26, 2021 · Abdul Hamid II, also known as Abdülhamid II, was the 34th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, reigning from 21 September 1842 until 10 February 1918, and was the last Sultan to …
Sultan Abdul Hamid II, a short biography – Islamic Chronicles
Apr 30, 2023 · Abdul Hamid II ascended to the throne in 1876, following the deposition of his brother, Sultan Murad V. During his reign, he sought to modernize and strengthen the …
Abdul Hamid I - Wikipedia
Abdul Hamid sought to reform the Empire's armed forces including the Janissary corps and the navy. He also established a new artillery corps and is credited with the creation of the Imperial …
Abdul Hamid II - Wikiwand
Abdulhamid or Abdul Hamid II (Ottoman Turkish: عبد الحميد ثانی, romanized: Abd ul-Hamid-i s̱ānī; Turkish: II. Abdülhamid; 21 September 1842 – 10 February 1918) was the 34th sultan of the …
Abdülhamid II - Encyclopedia.com
The reign of Sultan Abdülhamid II began on August 31, 1876, during a period of profound crisis for the Ottoman Empire. In 1878 the sultan inaugurated a new course in domestic and foreign …
Sultan Abdülhamid II: A visionary who tried to keep the empire …
Abdülhamid II's 33-year reign was a difficult period for the Ottoman Empire due to internal and external threats. But he tried to keep the empire alive with his subtle politics and foreign ...
Attempted assassination of Abdul Hamid II - Wikipedia
The attempted assassination of Abdul Hamid II, also known as Operation Nejuik, was an assassination attempt carried out on 21 July 1905 by the Armenian Revolutionary Federation …
Abdul Hamid II - Wikiwand
Abdulhamid II or Abdul Hamid II (Ottoman Turkish: عبد الحميد ثانی, romanized: Abd ul-Hamid-i s̱ānī; Turkish: II. Abdülhamid; 21 September 1842 – 10 February 1918) was the 34th sultan of the …
Abdul Hamid II - Google Arts & Culture
The time period which he reigned in the Ottoman Empire is known as the Hamidian Era. He oversaw a period of decline, with rebellions, and he presided over an unsuccessful war with …
Mahmud Shevket Pasha - Wikipedia
Mahmud Shevket Pasha (Ottoman Turkish: محمود شوكت پاشا, 1856 – 11 June 1913) [1] was an Ottoman military commander and statesman.. During the 31 March Incident, Shevket Pasha …
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