- Nazi plunder - Wikipedia
Nazi plunder (German: Raubkunst) was organized stealing of art and other items which occurred as a result of the organized looting of European countries during the time of the Nazi Party in Germany.
Jewish property was looted beginning in 1933 in Germany and was a key part of the Holocaust. Nazis also plundered occupied countries, sometimes with direct seizures, and sometimes under the guise of protecting art throughNazi plunder (German: Raubkunst) was organized stealing of art and other items which occurred as a result of the organized looting of European countries during the time of the Nazi Party in Germany.
Jewish property was looted beginning in 1933 in Germany and was a key part of the Holocaust. Nazis also plundered occupied countries, sometimes with direct seizures, and sometimes under the guise of protecting art through Kunstschutz units. In addition to gold, silver, and currency, cultural items of great significance were stolen, including paintings, ceramics, books, and religious treasures.
Many of the artworks looted by the Nazis were recovered by the Allies' Monuments, Fine Arts, and Archives program (MFAA, also known as the Monuments Men and Women), following the war; however many of them are still missing or were returned to countries but not to their original owners. An international effort to identify Nazi plunder which still remains unaccounted for is underway, with the ultimate aim of returning the items to their …
Read more on WikipediaWikipediaAdolf Hitler, an unsuccessful artist denied admission to the Vienna Academy of Fine Arts, thought of himself as a connoisseur of the arts, and in Mein Kampf, he ferociously attacked modern art as degenerate. He considered Cubism, Futurism, and Dadaism products of a decadent 20th-century society. When Hitler became chancellor of Germany in 1933, he enforced his aesthetics. The Nazis favored classical portraits and landscapes by Old Masters, particularly those of Germanic origin. Modern art was dubbed degenerate art by the Third Reich. All such art found in Germany's state museums was sold or destroyed. With the funds raised, the Führer's objective was to establish a European Art Museum in Linz. Other Nazi dignitaries like Reichsmarschall Hermann Göring and Foreign Affairs minister Joachim von Ribbentrop, also took advantage of German military conquests to grow their private art collections.
Continue readingThe systematic dispossession of Jewish people and the transfer of their homes, businesses, artworks, financial assets, musical instruments, books, and even home furnishings to the Reich was an integral component of the Holocaust. In every country controlled by Nazis, Jews were stripped of their assets through a wide array of mechanisms and Nazi looting organizations.
Continue readingThe most notorious auction of Nazi looted art was the "degenerate art" auction organized by Theodor Fischer on 30 June 1939 at the Grand Hotel National in Lucerne, Switzerland. The artworks on offer had been deaccessioned from German museums by the Nazis, yet many well known art dealers participated alongside proxies for major collectors and museums. In addition to public auctions, there were many private sales by art dealers. The Commission for Art Recovery has characterized Switzerland as "a magnet" for assets from the rise of Hitler until the end of World War II. Researching and documenting Switzerland's role "as an art-dealing centre and conduit for cultural assets in the Nazi period and in the immediate post-war period" was one of the missions of the Bergier Commission, under the directorship of Professor Georg Kreis.
Continue readingThe Nazis plundered cultural property from Germany and every occupied territory, targeting Jewish property in particular in a systematic manner with organizations specifically created for the purpose, to determine which public and private collections were most valuable. Some were earmarked for Hitler's never realized Führermuseum, some went to other high-ranking officials such as Hermann Göring, and others were traded to fund Nazi activities.
In 1940, an organization known as the Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg für die Besetzten Gebiete (Reichsleiter Rosenberg Taskforce), or ERR, was formed, headed for Alfred Rosenberg by Gerhard Utikal [de]. The first operating unit, the western branch for France, Belgium, and the Netherlands, called the Dienststelle Westen (Western Agency), was located in Paris. The chief of this Dienststelle was Kurt von Behr. Its original purpose was to collect Jewish and Freemasonic books and documents, either for destruction or for removal to Germany for further "study". However, late in 1940, Hermann Göring, who in fact controlled the ERR, issued an order that effectively changed the mission of the ERR, mandating it to seize "Jewish" art collections and other objects. The war loot had to be collected in a central place in Paris, the Museum Jeu de Paume. At this collection point worked art historians and other personnel who inventoried the loot before sending it to Germany. Göring also commanded that the loot would first be divided between Hitler and himself. Hitler later ordered that all confiscated works of art were to be made directly available to him. From the end of 1940 to the end of 1942, Göring traveled 20 times to Paris. In the Jeu de Paume museum, art dealer Bruno Lohse staged 20 expositions of the newly looted art objects, especially for Göring, from which Göring selected at least 594 pieces for his own collection. Göring made Lohse his liaison-officer and installed him in the ERR in March 1941 as the deputy leader of this unit. Items which Hitler and Göring did not want were made available to other Nazi leaders. Under Rosenberg and Göring's leadership, the ERR seized 21,903 art objects from German-occupied countries.
Other Nazi looting organizations included the Führermuseum, the organization run by the art historian Hans Posse, which was particularly in charge of assembling the works for the Führermuseum, the Dienststelle Mühlmann, operated by Kajetan Mühlmann which operated primarily in the Netherlands and in Belgium, and a Sonderkommando Kuensberg connected to the minister of foreign affairs Joachim von Ribbentrop, which operated first in France, then in Russia and North Africa. In Western Europe, with the advancing German troops, were elements of the "von Ribbentrop Battalion", named after Joachim von Ribbentrop. These men were responsible for ent…
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How 1,280 Artworks Stolen by the Nazis were Hidden in a Munich ...
It was the greatest art theft in history: 650,000 works looted from Europe by the Nazis, many of which were never recovered. But last November the world learned that German authorities had...
Art theft and looting during World War II - Wikipedia
Art theft and looting occurred on a massive scale during World War II. It originated with the policies of the Axis countries, primarily Nazi Germany and Japan, which systematically looted …
Plunderer: The Life and Times of a Nazi Art Thief | Collections
Historian Jonathan Petropoulos investigates the life of Bruno Lohse and his role in the Nazi looting operation, interviewing Lohse himself, as well as curators, art investigators, Lohse’s ...
Nazi Plunder: A History of Missing and Recovered Art Treasures
Despite these efforts, countless thousands of artworks were stolen from individual and institutional owners – circulating around the personal homes and professional offices of some of the most …
Nazis stole Jewish performer's artworks. They ended up in US …
Fritz Grünbaum, a Viennese singer and comedian who was outspoken against Hitler in his act, is believed to have owned at least 450 works of art before the Nazis annexed Austria. His …
List of claims for restitution for Nazi-looted art - Wikipedia
The list of restitution claims for art looted by the Nazis or as a result of Nazi persecution is organized by the country in which the paintings were located when the return was requested.
Documenting Nazi Plunder of European Art | National Archives
This past March, Philip Saunders, editor of Trace, the stolen art register, stated that "there are at least 100,000 works of art still missing from the Nazi occupation." Fifty years later, as …
Was Nazi-looted art concealed from Jewish heirs? - DW
Artworks by Paul Klee and Pablo Picasso were among hundreds in a Bavarian state collection that were knowingly stolen by the Nazis. Yet descendants of Jewish owners were never …
The Largest Stolen Art Scandal of the 20th Century - YouTube
This is part 2 of a 2-part series -- Watch part 1 here: https://to.pbs.org/3QtGz2f | #SecretsDeadPBS Historian Jonathan Petropoulos investigates former Nazi ...
Interviewing Nazis on Art Looting - Yale University Press
My earlier work raised issues about ethics. Indeed, my first drafts of Faustian Bargain read like a prosecutorial brief against the Nazi art “experts”; it was my editor at Oxford University Press, …
Painting returned 87 years after Nazis stole it from a Jewish
The Nazi regime stole thousands of pieces of art from Jewish families during the 1930s and 1940s, or forced owners to sell them for a fraction of their value as owners fled the country.
A Billion Dollars of Modernist Art, Stolen by Nazis, Was Just …
In the run up to World War II, masterpieces were rounded up, stolen or taken as blackmail from Jewish-German collectors. Now, decades later, authorities have just recovered some 1,500 …
One family’s battle to be reunited with art looted by the Nazis
Claire Gimpel has spent over a decade fighting for the return of her grandfather's art collection, which was stolen by the Nazis in World War II. In 2010, an unexpected phone call from an...
Artworks stolen by Nazis returned to heirs of outspoken cabaret ...
Seven valuable art pieces plundered by the Nazis more than 80 years ago are being returned to the heirs of a cabaret performer, who was killed during the Holocaust and whose massive art …
Jewish Family Loses Legal Battle To Recover Painting Stolen By …
A Jewish family has lost a 15-year legal battle to recover a painting stolen by Nazis during World War II.
Why Hitler’s Nazi regime stole and destroyed thousands of artworks
Between 1933 and 1945, Germany’s Nazi regime confiscated over 600,000 works of fine art. Some were sold, some were destroyed, some hoarded. And till date about 100,000 artworks …
Art Stolen by the Nazis Now Cataloged Online - TIME
It was the biggest art heist in history: during World War II, representatives of Germany’s Third Reich extorted, plundered and stole thousands of works worth millions of dollars from collectors...
Top 10 Famous Pieces of Art Stolen by the Nazis - TopTenz
The years between 1933 and 1945 are a black hole in the art community, with thousands of pieces of art changing hands and going missing. During World War II, the Nazis went on a rampage …
Recovering Stolen Art from the Holocaust - Jewish Virtual Library
During World War II, Nazi Germany led a systematic campaign to loot and plunder art from Jews and others in the occupied countries. Much of the stolen art was recovered by the Allies in the …
10 Pieces of Art Stolen by the Nazis that are Still Missing Today
Many believe that they have been destroyed as part of Hitler’s last decree to destroy all the art the Nazis had stolen in order to keep the Allies from recovering the treasures. Here are some of …
Plunderer: The Life and Times of a Nazi Art Thief (Part Two
Historian Jonathan Petropoulos investigates former Nazi art dealer Bruno Lohse’s role in post-war America. Lohse established relationships with curators at some of the nation’s most important ...
Unrepentant Nazi art thief who stole Jews' art from 'still warm …
The topic of Nazi-looted art has held Petropoulos’s interest for over 40 years. His Greek immigrant father impressed upon him the centrality of WWII and the Holocaust in modern history.
Four Works of Nazi‑Looted Art Identified and Returned to
Germany has identified four drawings that Nazis stole from a Jewish home during the Third Reich. The art belonged to the Deutsch de la Meurthe family, who lived in Paris when Germany …
Egon Schiele Watercolor, Said to Be Nazi-Looted, Set for Auction
Christie’s, which values the work at more than $1 million, said the proceeds from any sale would be shared with the heirs of an art collector killed in a concentration camp. By Catherine Hickley ...
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