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    Symptoms - Cirrhosis of the liver

    Verified Expert
    Contact your provider if experiencing new, severe, or persistent symptoms.

    Cirrhosis is usually asymptomatic especially in the initial stages. Symptoms are seen in advanced stages after extensive liver damage. When symptoms do occur, they are often non-specific like:

    • Weakness
    • Fatigue
    • Muscle cramps
    • Weight loss
    • Nausea
    • Vomiting
    • Upper abdominal pain

    Other symptoms include:

    • Easy bruising and bleeding
    • Jaundice
    • Swelling of legs
    • Reduction in breast size
    • Irregular periods in women

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    Causes

    Verified Expert

    The most common causes of liver cirrhosis are:

    • Several conditions and diseases can cause liver damage leading to cirrhosis.
    • Chronic alcohol abuse
    • Chronic viral hepatitis (B or C)
    • Non- alcoholic liver disease; fatty liver
    • Other causes include:
    • Hemochromatosis (abnormal accumulation of iron in the body)
    • Wilson's disease (abnormal accumulation of copper in the body)
    • Cystic fibrosis
    • Biliary atresia (poorly formed bile duct)
    • Autoimmune liver disease
    • Primary sclerosing cholangitis (hardening and scarring of bile ducts)
    • The risk factors include:
    • Excessive alcohol consumptiion
    • Obese
    • Viral Hepatitis

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    Prevention

    Verified Expert

    • Limit alcohol consumption
    • Exercise regularly
    • Have a healthy diet and maintain the right bodyweight
    • Get vaccination against Hepatitis A & B

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    What are the causes of cirrhosis?
    Cirrhosis of the liver can be caused by a variety of diseases and ailments. It manifests itself gradually and eventually leads to liver failure if not effectively managed. Cirrhosis can develop as a result of a chronic liver infection that damages liver cells over time. Cirrhosis is typically caused by hepatitis B and C virus infection.
    medicinenet.com

    Complications

    Verified Expert

    If untreated for a prolonged period it may lead to

    • Portal hypertension - High blood pressure in veins which brings blood to the liver from intestine and spleen.
    • Swelling of legs & abdomen - portal hypertension causes fluid accumulation in legs and abdomen (ascites). It could also be due to inability of the liver to synthesize albumin.
    • Splenomegaly- enlarged spleen.
    • Bleeding - Portal hypertension leads the blood to be redirected to smaller veins which in turn increase in size and become dilated. Strained by extra load, these smaller veins can burst and cause bleeding in esophagus or stomach. Further, the inability of liver to produce enough clotting factors could also contribute to bleeding.

    Other complications could include:

    • Hepatic encephalopathy
    • Increased risk of liver cancer
    • Acute or chronic liver failure

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    Treatment

    Verified Expert

    Treatment of cirrhosis involves managing symptoms and preventing further damage to the liver, since the existing scarring cannot be repaired or reversed. The specific cause for the cirrhosis will be addressed. Treatment varies depending on the cause.

    Medication

    Antivirals: If cirrhosis is caused by hepatitis.

    Adefovir . Entecavir . Lamivudine . Tenofovir

    Antibiotics: Used in case of infections.

    Erythromycin . Azithromycin . Rifampin . Isoniazid

    Chelating agents: Is recommended if the cirrhosis is caused by copper build up from Wilson’s disease.

    D-penicillamine . Trientine

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    Source: Focus Medica. For informational purposes only. Consult a medical professional for advice.

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