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The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a conceptual framework developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 1984. It standardizes the functions of a telecommunication or computing system into seven distinct layers, each with specific responsibilities12.
The Seven Layers of the OSI Model
Physical Layer (Layer 1): This layer is responsible for the physical connection between devices. It transmits raw bit streams over a physical medium, such as cables or radio waves. Devices like hubs, repeaters, and cables operate at this layer13.
Data Link Layer (Layer 2): This layer ensures error-free data transfer between adjacent network nodes. It handles framing, physical addressing, and error detection. Devices like switches and bridges operate at this layer13.
Network Layer (Layer 3): This layer is responsible for data transmission between different networks. It handles logical addressing and routing, ensuring data packets find the best path to their destination. Routers operate at this layer13.
Transport Layer (Layer 4): This layer provides end-to-end communication services for applications. It ensures complete data transfer with error checking and flow control. Protocols like TCP and UDP operate at this layer13.
Session Layer (Layer 5): This layer manages sessions between applications. It establishes, maintains, and terminates connections, ensuring data exchange is synchronized and organized13.
Presentation Layer (Layer 6): This layer translates data between the application layer and the network. It handles data encryption, compression, and translation, ensuring data is in a usable format13.
Application Layer (Layer 7): This layer provides network services directly to end-user applications. It includes protocols like HTTP, FTP, and SMTP, which support web browsing, file transfer, and email services13.
What is OSI Model? – Layers of OSI Model - GeeksforGeeks
The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model describes seven layers that computer systems use to communicate over a network. It was the first standard model for network communications, adopted by all major computer and telecommunication companies in the early 1980s. See more
The OSI model, created in 1984 by ISO, is a reference framework that explains the process of transmitting data between computers. It is … See more
The OSI model consists of seven abstraction layers arranged in a top-down order: 1. Physical Layer 2. Data Link Layer 3. Network Layer 4. … See more
The data link layer is responsible for the node-to-node delivery of the message. The main function of this layer is to make sure data transfer is error-free from one node to another, … See more
The lowest layer of The OSI reference model is the physical layer. It is responsible for the actual physical connection between … See more
OSI Model Analogy - OSI 7 layers Explained
Feb 6, 2025 · The OSI model is a seven-layer framework that standardizes network communication processes, facilitating interoperability and troubleshooting among different devices and technologies. ... The Complete Process in Action. …
OSI Model Explained: The 7 Layers Every Networking Pro Must …
What is the OSI model? Learn the 7 layers of the OSI model explained with real-world applications, a TCP/IP comparison, and why it still matters in networking today.
What Is the OSI Model? - IBM
The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model—also called the OSI reference model—is a conceptual model that divides network communication and interoperability into seven abstract …
OSI Reference Model and it's Layers - Studytonight
- The Physical Layer. Physical Layer is the lowest layer of the OSI Model. It activates, …
- Data Link Layer. Data link layer synchronizes the information which is to be transmitted over …
- The Network Layer. Network Layer routes the signal through different channels from one …
- Transport Layer. Transport Layer decides if data transmission should be on parallel path or …
- The Session Layer. Session Layer manages and synchronize the conversation between two …
7 Layers of The OSI Model (A Complete Guide)
Jan 16, 2025 · What Is OSI Model? Open system interconnection (OSI) reference model consists of seven layers or seven steps which concludes the overall communication system. In this tutorial, we will take an in-depth look at the …
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The All-In-One OSI Model Cheat Sheet 2025 - StationX
Dec 10, 2024 · If you want to understand the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model or need to brush up on what OSI means, we’ve prepared this OSI model cheat sheet for you. It briefly overviews the seven layers in the …
OSI model - Wikipedia
The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a reference model from the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that "provides a common basis for the coordination of standards development for the purpose of …
The OSI Model – The 7 Layers of Networking …
Dec 21, 2020 · This article explains the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model and the 7 layers of networking, in plain English. The OSI model is a conceptual framework that is used to describe how a network functions. In …
The 7 layers of the OSI model: Understand each level with this …
Aug 30, 2024 · It is important to note that although the OSI model clearly defines the presentation layer, in practice many of its functions are often implemented in the application layer in modern …
What is the OSI model? The 7 layers of OSI explained …
OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) is a reference model for how applications communicate over a network. This model focuses on providing a visual design of how each communications layer is built on top of the other, starting with the …
OSI Model Reference Guide (With Examples) - Lifewire
Nov 14, 2019 · The Open Systems Interconnection reference model has been an essential element of computer network design since its ratification in 1984. The OSI is an abstract model …
OSI Model | Baeldung on Computer Science
Mar 18, 2024 · The OSI model stands for Open Systems Interconnection model and is a standardized framework that describes a networking system’s communication functions. It …
OSI Seven Layers Model Explained with Examples
Oct 16, 2024 · Learn the seven layers of the OSI model and the functions of each layer in detail through examples. The OSI (Open System Interconnection) reference model is a …
What is the OSI Model? - 7 OSI Layers Explained - AWS
The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a conceptual framework that divides network communications functions into seven layers. Sending data over a network is complex because …
OSI Reference Model The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model was developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and formalized in 1984. It provided the …
OSI Model: A Comprehensive Guide to Its Seven Layers - Bito
The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a conceptual framework used to understand and design a network protocol suite. Developed by the International Organization for …
The OSI Model & The 7 Layers Explained - Forcepoint
In the OSI reference model, the communications between a computing system are split into seven different abstraction layers: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, …
OSI Model - 7 Layers Explained (Updated) - Intellipaat
Jan 18, 2025 · The OSI model can be thought of as the universal language for computer networking and supporting interoperability between different software and products. Also …
OSI Model: The 7 Layers of Network Architecture - BMC Software
Jul 31, 2024 · The OSI Model is most often used to understand the theories behind networked communication concepts and elements. Some use it to troubleshoot problems, narrowing a …
Computer Networks: OSI MODEL - YouTube
Complete Overview of OSI Model . It covers function of each layer in details.
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