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  1. Puddling (metallurgy) - Wikipedia

    • Cort's process consisted of stirring molten pig iron in a reverberatory furnace in an oxidising atmosphere, thus decarburising it. When the iron "came to nature", that is, to a pasty consistency, it was gathered into a puddled ball, shingled , and rolled (as described below). See more

    Overview

    Puddling is the process of converting pig iron to bar (wrought) iron in a coal fired reverberatory furnace. It was developed … See more

    History

    Modern puddling was one of several processes developed in the second half of the 18th century in Great Britain for producing bar iron from pig iron without the use of charcoal. It gradually replaced the earlier char… See more

    Process

    The process begins by preparing the puddling furnace. This involves bringing the furnace to a low temperature and then fettling it. Fettling is the process of painting the grate and walls around it with iron oxides, typi… See more

    Puddled steel

    In the late 1840s, the German chemist Franz Anton Lohage [de] developed a modification of the puddling process to produce not iron but steel at the Haspe Iron Works in Hagen; it was subsequently commercial… See more

    Puddling furnace

    The puddling furnace is a metalmaking technology used to create wrought iron or steel from the pig iron produced in a blast furnace. The furnace is constructed to pull the hot air over the iron without the fuel coming int… See more

    Footnotes

    Sources
    • Landes, David. S. (1969). The Unbound Prometheus: Technological Change and Industrial Development in Western Europe from 1750 to the Present. Cambridge, New York: Pres… See more

     
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  2. Henry Cort discovered the puddling process for making wrought iron. The puddling process converted pig iron into wrought iron by subjecting it to heat and stirring it in a furnace, without using charcoal. It was the first method that allowed quality wrought iron to be produced on a large scale.
    www.steelmuseum.org/i-s-hall-of-fame/cort_henry.cfm
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  3. Puddling process | Iron Smelting, Refining & Casting | Britannica

     
  4. Henry Cort | Ironmaster, Innovator, & Industrialist | Britannica

  5. Henry Cort - Wikipedia

    In 1784, he obtained a patent for an improved version of Peter Onions's puddling process, for refining cast iron, although its commercial viability was only realised in the 1790s, through further innovations introduced by Richard Crawshay and …

  6. Puddlers, Shinglers & Rollers: the Story of Malleable Iron

    Cort’s ‘Puddling Process’, which built upon earlier work by the ironmaster Peter Onions transformed engineering and enabled new forms of bridges and other structures to be made. Cast iron is made in a blast furnace, from which molten …

  7. Industrial Revolution. Episode 6: Puddling Process (1784) - Henry …

  8. Henry Cort - Steel Museum

    Henry Cort discovered the puddling process for making wrought iron. The puddling process converted pig iron into wrought iron by subjecting it to heat and stirring it in a furnace, without using charcoal. It was the first method that …

  9. The Cort process was created by Black ironworkers in …

    Aug 7, 2023 · One of the most significant innovations was called the Cort process, named after patent holder Henry Cort. The process takes low quality iron ore and transforms it from brittle, crumbly...

  10. Day 45/365 of Steel - Henry Cort - SteelExplained.com

    Cort developed his ideas resulting in a 1783 patent for a simple reverberatory furnace to refine pig iron followed by a 1784 patent for his puddling furnace, with grooved rollers which mechanised the formerly laborious process.

  11. Changes to Iron Production | History of Western …

    Cort developed two significant iron manufacturing processes: rolling in 1783 and puddling in 1784. Rolling replaced hammering for consolidating wrought iron and expelling some of the dross. Rolling was 15 times faster than hammering with …

  12. The puddling process, past and present - ScienceDirect

  13. People of Steel: Henry Cort | McCreath Labs

  14. Puddling process - (Honors World History) - Fiveable

  15. Henry Cort - Graces Guide

  16. Cort, Henry - Infoplease

  17. The Legacy of Puddled Iron in Contemporary Metallurgy

  18. How was puddling process invented? – TeachersCollegesj

  19. Puddling: a metallurgical perspective | Historical Metallurgy

  20. Henry Cort Puddling Process by Michael Clark on Prezi

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