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    Merriam Webster
    https://www.merriam-webster.com › dictionary › fable

    Fable Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster

    Fable - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms - Vocabulary.com
    Vocabulary.com
    Fable Definition & Meaning | Britannica Dictionary
    Britannica
    Fable - Wikipedia

    Fable is a literary genre defined as a succinct fictional story, in prose or verse, that features animals, legendary creatures, plants, inanimate objects, or forces of nature that are anthropomorphized, and that illustrates or leads to a particular moral lesson (a "moral"), which may at the end be added explicitly as a concise maxim or saying.

    Fable is a literary genre defined as a succinct fictional story, in prose or verse, that features animals, legendary creatures, plants, inanimate objects, or forces of nature that are anthropomorphized, and that illustrates or leads to a particular moral lesson (a "moral"), which may at the end be added explicitly as a concise maxim or saying.

    A fable differs from a parable in that the latter excludes animals, plants, inanimate objects, and forces of nature as actors that assume speech or other powers of humankind. Conversely, an animal tale specifically includes talking animals as characters.

    Usage has not always been so clearly distinguished. In the King James Version of the New Testament, "μῦθος" ("mythos") was rendered by the translators as "fable" in the First Epistle to Timothy, the Second Epistle to Timothy, the Epistle to Titus and the First Epistle of Peter.

    A person who writes fables is referred to as a fabulist.

    Wikipedia

    The fable is one of the most enduring forms of folk literature, spread abroad, modern researchers agree, less by literary anthologies than by oral transmission. Fables can be found in the literature of almost every country.
    The varying corpus denoted Aesopica or Aesop's Fables includes most of the best-known western fables, which are attributed to the legendary Aesop, supposed to have been a slave in ancient Greece around 550 BCE. When Babrius set down fables from the Aesopica in verse for a Hellenistic Prince "Alexander", he expressly stated at the head of Book II that this type of "myth" that Aesop had introduced to the "sons of the Hellenes" had been an invention of "Syrians" from the time of "Ninos" (personifying Nineveh to Greeks) and Belos ("ruler"). Epicharmus of Kos and Phormis are reported as having been among the first to invent comic fables. Many familiar fables of Aesop include "The Crow and the Pitcher", "The Tortoise and the Hare" and "The Lion and the Mouse".

    In the first century AD, Phaedrus (died 50 AD) produced Latin translations in iambic verse of fables then circulating under the name of Aesop. While Phaedrus's Latinizations became classic (transmitted through the Middle Ages, though attributed to a certain Romulus, now considered legendary), the writing of fables in Greek did not stop; in the 2nd century AD, Babrius wrote beast fables in Greek in the manner of Aesop, which would also become influential in the Middle Ages (and sometimes transmitted as Aesop's work).

    In ancient Greek and Roman education, the fable was the first of the progymnasmata—training exercises in prose composition and public speaking—wherein students would be asked to learn fables, expand upon them, invent their own, and finally use them as persuasive examples in longer forensic or deliberative speeches. The need of instructors to teach, and students to learn, a wide range of fables as material for their declamations resulted in their being gathered together in collections, like those of Aesop.
    African oral culture has a rich story-telling tradition. As they have for thousands of years, people of all ages in Africa continue to interact with nature, including plants, animals and earthly structures such as rivers, plains, and mountains. Children and, to some extent, adults are mesmerized by good story-tellers when they become animated in their quest to tell a good fable.

    The Anansi oral story originates from the tribes of Ghana. "All Stories Are Anansi's" was translated by Harold Courlander and Albert Kofi Prempeh and tells the story of a god-like creature Anansi who wishes to own all stories in the world. The character Anansi is often depicted as a spider and is known for its cunning nature to obtain what it wants, typically seen outwi…

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    • Aesop (mid-6th century BCE), author/s of Aesop's Fables
    • Vishnu Sarma (c. 200 BCE), author of the anthropomorphic political treatise and fable collection, the Panchatantra
    • Bidpai (c. 200 BCE), author of Sanskrit (Hindu) and Pali (Buddhist) animal fables in verse and prose, sometimes derived from Jataka tales
    • Syntipas (c. 100 BCE), Indian philosopher, reputed author of a collection of tales known in Europe as The Story of the Seven Wise Masters
    • Gaius Julius Hyginus (Hyginus, Latin author, native of Spain or Alexandria, c. 64 BCE – 17 CE), author of the Fabulae
    • Phaedrus (15 BCE – 50 CE), Roman fabulist, by birth a Macedonian
    • Nizami Ganjavi (Persian, 1141–1209)
    • Walter of England (12th century), Anglo-Norman poet, published Aesop's Fables in distichs c. 1175
    • Marie de France (12th century)
    • Jalāl ad-Dīn Muhammad Balkhī (Persian, 1207–1273)
    • Vardan Aygektsi (died 1250), Armenian priest and fabulist
    • Berechiah ha-Nakdan (Berechiah the Punctuator, or Grammarian, 13th century), author of Jewish fables adapted from Aesop's Fables
    • Robert Henryson (Scottish, 15th century), author of The Morall Fabillis of Esope the Phrygian
    • Leonardo da Vinci (Italian, 1452–1519)
    • Biernat of Lublin (Polish, 1465? – after 1529)
    • Jean de La Fontaine (French, 1621–1695)
    • Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani (Georgian, 1658–1725), author of The Book of Wisdom and Lies
    • Bernard de Mandeville (English, 1670–1733), author of The Fable of the Bees
    • John Gay (English, 1685–1732)
    • Christian Fürchtegott Gellert (German, 1715–1769)
    • Gotthold Ephraim Lessing (German, 1729–1781)
    • Ignacy Krasicki (Polish, 1735–1801), author of Fables and Parables (1779) and New Fables (published 1802)
    • Dositej Obradović (Serbian, 1739–1811)
    • Félix María de Samaniego (Spanish, 1745–1801), best known for "The Ant and the Cicade"
    • Tomás de Iriarte (Spanish, 1750–91)
    • Jean-Pierre Claris de Florian, (French, 1755–94), author of Fables (published 1802)

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    • Leo Tolstoy (1828–1910)
    • Rafael Pombo (1833–1912), Colombian fabulist, poet, writer
    • Ambrose Bierce (1842–?1914)
    • Joel Chandler Harris (1848–1908)
    • Sholem Aleichem (1859–1916)
    • George Ade (1866–1944), Fables in Slang, etc.
    • Władysław Reymont (1868–1925)
    • Felix Salten (1869–1945)
    • Don Marquis (1878–1937), author of the fables of archy and mehitabel
    • Franz Kafka (1883–1924)
    • Damon Runyon (1884–1946)
    • James Thurber (1894–1961), Fables for Our Time and Further Fables for Our Time
    • George Orwell (1903–1950)
    • Dr. Seuss (1904–1991)
    • Isaac Bashevis Singer (1904–1991)
    • Nankichi Niimi (1913–1943), Japanese author and poet
    • Sergey Mikhalkov (1913–2009), Soviet author of children's books
    • Pierre Gamarra (1919–2009)
    • Richard Adams (1920–2016), author of Watership Down
    • José Saramago (1922–2010), Portuguese writer, author of Ensaio sobre a cegueira
    • Italo Calvino (1923–1985), Cosmicomics etc.
    • Arnold Lobel (1933–87), author of Fables, winner 1981 Caldecott Medal
    • Ramsay Wood (born 1943), author of Kalila and Dimna: Fables of Friendship and Betrayal
    • Bill Willingham (born 1956), author of Fables graphic novels
    • David Sedaris (born 1956), author of Squirrel Seeks Chipmunk
    • Hayao Miyazaki (born 1941), Japanese filmmaker, director of Spirited Away
    • Guillermo del Toro (born 1964), Mexican filmmaker, director of Pan's Labyrinth
    • Pendleton Ward (born 1982), American animator, creator of Adventure Time

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    • Aesop's Fables by Aesop
    • Jataka tales
    • Panchatantra by Vishnu Sarma
    • Baital Pachisi (also known as Vikram and The Vampire)
    • Hitopadesha
    • Kalīla wa-Dimna
    • A Book of Wisdom and Lies by Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani
    • Seven Wise Masters by Syntipas
    • One Thousand and One Nights (also known as Arabian Nights, c. 800–900)
    • Fables (1668–1694) by Jean de La Fontaine
    • Fables and Parables (1779) by Ignacy Krasicki
    • Fairy Tales (1837) by Hans Christian Andersen
    • Uncle Remus: His Songs and His Sayings (1881) by Joel Chandler Harris
    • Fantastic Fables (1899) by Ambrose Bierce
    • Fables for Our Time (1940) by James Thurber
    • 99 Fables (1960) by William March
    • Collected Fables (2000) by Ambrose Bierce, edited by S. T. Joshi

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