DNA replication requires other enzymes in addition to DNA polymerase, including DNA primase, DNA helicase, DNA ligase, and topoisomerase.

DNA polymerases α and δ replicate chromosomal DNA, DNA polymerases β and ε repair DNA, and DNA polymerase γ replicates mitochondrial DNA. DNA polymerase α and δ synthesize the lagging strand, via Okazaki fragments. The RNA primers are synthesized by DNA polymerase α which carries a primase subunit. DNA polymerase ε synthesizes the leading strand.

Key steps include: ● Unwinding : The enzyme helicase unwinds the double-stranded DNA, breaking the hydrogen bonds between base pairs, forming the replication fork. ● Priming : Primase synthesizes a short RNA primer to provide a starting point for DNA synthesis. ● Elongation : DNA polymerase adds nucleotides complementary to the template strand, synthesizing the new strand in the 5' to 3' direction.

Enzymes that participate in the eukaryotic DNA replication process include: DNA helicase: Unwinds and separates double-stranded DNA as it moves along the DNA. It forms the replication fork by breaking hydrogen bonds between nucleotide pairs in DNA. DNA primase: A type of RNA polymerase that generates RNA primers.