• The causes include:
• Trauma i.e. blowing nose too aggressively, a knock on the nose or anything that causes vessels to rupture
• Dry air/low humidity
• Mucosal irritation due to environmental irritants
• Using medication like aspirin and warfarin that retard coagulation of blood
• Repeated use of nasal sprays
• Inflammatory reaction due to allergies or infections e.g. sinusitis, rhinitis, respiratory tract infections
• Systemic conditions such as hypertension
• Drugs such as cocaine
• Tumors
• Blood disorders i.e. clotting factor deficiency
• Septal abnormality
• Less common causes include, vascular disorders, genetic disorders such as hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia [HHT], hemophilia, liver disease, vitamin deficiencies among others

Mild cases can be resolved at home, others need medical treatment.

Medication

Nasal decongestants: To reduce or stop bleeding.

Phenylephrine . Oxymetazoline