Youth
Zhou Enlai was born in Huai'an, Jiangsu province, on 5 March 1898, the first son of his branch of the Zhou family. The Zhou family was originally … See more

Extent of cooperation
Zhou's activities immediately after his removal from his positions at Whampoa are uncertain. An … See more

The Sixth Party Congress
After the failure of the Nanchang Uprising, Zhou left China for the Soviet Union to attend the Chinese … See more

The Dixie mission
As United States began to plan for an invasion of Japan, which at that point they assumed would be based in China, American political and military leaders became eager to make contact with the Communists. In … See more

Establishment in Guangzhou
Zhou returned to China in late August or early September 1924 to join the Political Department of the Whampoa Military Academy, probably through the influence of Zhang Shenfu, who had previously worked there. Zhou … See more

Propaganda and intelligence in Wuhan
When the Nationalist capital of Nanjing fell to the Japanese on 13 December 1937, Zhou accompanied … See more

Military strategist and intelligence chief
Following the failure of negotiations, the Chinese Civil War resumed in earnest. Zhou turned his focus from diplomatic to military affairs, while retaining a senior interest in intelligence work. Zhou worked directly under Mao … See more