The Athenian Treasury (Greek: Θησαυρός των Αθηναίων) at Delphi was constructed by the Athenians to house dedications and votive offerings made by their city and citizens to the sanctuary of Apollo. The entire treasury including its sculptural decoration is built of Parian marble.

Greek treasuries were small, temple-like buildings constructed by various Greek city-states at pan-Hellenic sanctuaries such as Delphi and Olympia. These structures served as repositories for valuable offerings dedicated to the gods, often commemorating military victories, civic achievements, or contributions to religious festivals.

The Athenian Treasury was a votive building in the form of a reduced scale temple, designed to hold the multitude of Athenian offerings to the Delphi oracle. The building was constructed entirely of Parian marble and had a Doric frieze decorated with 30 metopes.

The Treasuries at Olympia were a series of small temple-shaped buildings located to the north side of the Altis or sanctuary at the site of Olympia in Greece. All but two were erected by Greek colonies to store valuable votive offerings .

The treasury of the Athenians represents the earliest specimen of a Doric treasury made out of marble. The Athenians built the Treasury most probably after 490 B.C. in order to thank the god Apollo for their victory at the battle of Marathon.