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  1. History
    https://www.history.com/topics/middle-ages/hagia-sophia

    Hagia Sophia - Meaning, Mosque & Istanbul | HISTORY

    • The Hagia Sophia (Ayasofya in Turkish) was originally built as a basilica for the Greek Orthodox Christian Church. However, its function has changed several times in the centuries since. Byzantine Emperor … See more

    Hagia Sophia History

    Unable to repair the damage caused by the fire, Justinian ordered the demolition of the Hagia Sophia in 532. He commissioned renowned architects Isidoros (Milet) and Anthemios … See more

    History
    The Hagia Sophia’s Design

    From its opening, the third and final Hagia Sophia was indeed a remarkable structure. It … See more

    History
    Hagia Sophia’s Tumultuous History

    As Greek Orthodox was the official religion of the Byzantines, the Hagia Sophia was considered the central church of the faith, and it thus became the place where new emperors … See more

    History
    Renovations to The Hagia Sophia

    As Islamwas the central religion of the Ottomans, the Hagia Sophia was renovated into a mosque. As part of the conversion, the Ottomans covered many of the original Orthodox-t… See more

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  2. Before it was converted to a mosque by the Ottoman Turks, Hagia Sophia was a Christian cathedral. It was originally an Eastern Orthodox cathedral and later a Roman Catholic cathedral.

    Hagia Sophia – Brief History and 8 Surprising Facts

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    Why is Hagia Sophia reconverting to a mosque?In reconverting Hagia Sophia to a mosque, Turkish officials have emphasized veiling of Christian icons to create a Muslim prayer space. Experts explain why the veiling is in fact a Byzantine practice.

    Hagia Sophia has been converted back into a mosque, but the veiling of

    theconversation.com
    Why is Hagia Sophia important?Hagia Sophia, an important Byzantine structure in Istanbul and one of the world’s great monuments. It was built as a Christian church in the 6th century ce (532–537) under the direction of the Byzantine emperor Justinian I. In subsequent centuries it became a mosque, a museum, and a mosque again.

    Hagia Sophia | History, Architecture, Mosaics, Facts, & Significance

    britannica.com
    Why was Hagia Sophia important to the Ottoman Sultan?Hagia Sophia became the personal property of the Ottoman sultan and had a special position among the mosques of Constantinople. No changes could be made without the Sultan’s approval, and even Islamic zealots could not destroy the mosaics since they belonged to the Sultan.

    Hagia Sophia Throughout History: One Dome, Three Religions - TheColl…

    thecollector.com
    Does Hagia Sophia still exist?Despite its recent change in function, Hagia Sophia remains an extraordinary monument—an unicum in world architecture. A Christian church for almost 1000 years, a mosque for close to 500 years, a museum for 85 years, and now once again a mosque. Hagia Sophia has experienced a lot, and there is still more future ahead.

    Hagia Sophia & Its Transformations | SAPIENTIA

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  4. Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hagia_So…

    Hagia Sophia - Wikipedia

    WEBHagia Sophia (lit. 'Holy Wisdom'; Turkish: Ayasofya; Greek: Ἁγία Σοφία, romanized: Hagía Sofía; Latin: Sancta Sapientia), officially the Hagia Sophia Grand Mosque (Turkish: Ayasofya-i Kebir Cami-i Şerifi), is a …

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    Top 10 Facts About Hagia Sophia - Discover Walks Blog
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    Hagia Sophia Facts
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  5. Britannica
    https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hagi…

    Hagia Sophia | History, Architecture, Mosaics, Facts, …

    WEBJun 18, 2024 · Hagia Sophia, place of worship built at Constantinople (now Istanbul, Turkey) in the 6th century CE under the direction of the …

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      Hagia Sophia, 532–37 | Essay - The Metropolitan Museum …
      metmuseum.org
      Hagia Sophia stripped of museum status, paving its return to …
      nationalgeographic.com
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    • TheCollector
      https://www.thecollector.com/hagia-so…

      Hagia Sophia Throughout History: One Dome, Three …

      WEBJul 26, 2022 · Hagia Sophia became the personal property of the Ottoman sultan and had a special position among the mosques of Constantinople. No changes could be made without the Sultan’s approval, and even …

    • BBC
      https://www.bbc.com/news/world-euro…

      Hagia Sophia: Turkey turns iconic Istanbul museum …

      WEBJul 10, 2020 · Built 1,500 years ago as an Orthodox Christian cathedral, Hagia Sophia was converted into a mosque after the Ottoman conquest in 1453. In 1934 it became a museum and is now a Unesco World...

    • Images of Hagia Sophia Before Islam

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    • The Conversation
      https://theconversation.com/hagia-sop…

      Hagia Sophia has been converted back into a …

      WEBAug 18, 2020 · In reconverting Hagia Sophia to a mosque, Turkish officials have emphasized veiling of Christian icons to create a Muslim prayer space. Experts explain why the veiling is in fact a Byzantine...

    • Medievalists.net
      https://www.medievalists.net/2020/07/h…

      Hagia Sophia: Past, Present, Future - Medievalists.net

      WEBJul 12, 2020 · Hagia Sophia has had a rich and turbulent history, changing hands between Christians and Muslims and having its doors open to all as a secular building from 1935 to 2020.

    • Smarthistory
      https://smarthistory.org/hagia-sophia-is…

      Smarthistory – Hagia Sophia, Istanbul

      WEBHagia Sophia’s being seems to cry out for an other-worldly explanation of why it stands because much within the building seems dematerialized, an impression that must have been very real in the perception of the …

    • New York Times
      https://www.nytimes.com/.../hagia-sophia-…

      The Hagia Sophia Was a Cathedral, a Mosque and a …

      WEBJul 22, 2020 · On Friday, after 86 years as a museum, the great Hagia Sophia in Istanbul will once again echo with Muslim prayers. To Turkish Islamists, the conversion marks the fulfillment of a long-held...

    • Khan Academy
      https://www.khanacademy.org/.../v/hagia-sophia-mosque

      Hagia Sophia as a mosque (video) | Khan Academy

    • National Geographic
      https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/...

      Hagia Sophia stripped of museum status, paving its return to a …

    • Greek City Times
      https://greekcitytimes.com/2024/07/11/four-years...

      Four Years Later: Hagia Sophia’s Legacy as a Church and Mosque

    • BBC
      https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-53506445

      Hagia Sophia: Former Istanbul museum welcomes Muslim …

    • fordham.edu
      https://crc.blog.fordham.edu/arts-culture/hagia...

      Hagia Sophia & Its Transformations | SAPIENTIA

    • World History Encyclopedia
      https://www.worldhistory.org/Hagia_Sophia

      Hagia Sophia - World History Encyclopedia

    • The Metropolitan Museum of Art
      https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/haso/hd_haso.htm

      Hagia Sophia, 532–37 | Essay | The Metropolitan Museum of Art ...

    • Turkey Things
      https://turkeythings.com/hagia-sophia

      Hagia Sophia – Brief History and 8 Surprising Facts

    • Academia.edu
      https://www.academia.edu/107372235/The_re...

      The Reconversion of the Hagia Sophia into a Mosque: …

      WEBIn much of that reporting, Hagia Sophia's Byzantine past was emphasized, and narratives of Ottoman conquest connected to misleading notions of Islamic iconoclasm followed. Thus, the building's life as a church (537 …

    • Middle East Eye
      https://www.middleeasteye.net/opinion/hagia-sophia-backstory

      Hagia Sophia is still symbolic of Christianity and Islam's shared ...

    • Britannica
      https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hagia-Sophia/Architecture

      Hagia Sophia - Byzantine, Istanbul, Monument | Britannica

    • Khan Academy
      https://www.khanacademy.org/.../hagia-sophia-istanbul

      Hagia Sophia, Istanbul (article) | Khan Academy

    • Projects at Harvard
      https://projects.iq.harvard.edu/whoseculture/hagia-sophia

      Hagia Sophia (Istanbul) | Whose Culture? - Harvard University

    • Live Science
      https://www.livescience.com/27574-hagia-sophia.html

      Hagia Sophia: Facts, History & Architecture | Live Science

    • National Geographic
      https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/...

      What’s next for Turkey’s Hagia Sophia? - National Geographic