• Herniated disc occur due to gradual wear and tear. The causes include:
• Aging causes spinal cord to lose their water content, making them less flexible and more prone to a tear or rupture with strain or twist, for eg., lifting heavy objects
• Trauma such as a blow or fall on the back
• The risk factors include:
• Over weight - excess weight puts stress on lower back disks
• Physically demanding jobs such as pushing, lifting
• Genetics - Family history may increase the risk

• Exercise - strengthens trunk muscles
• Maintaining good posture reduces pressure on the spine and discs
• Maintain a healthy weight - more weight puts pressure on the spine and discs

If untreated, the complications include:

• Paralysis
• Bladder/bowel incontinence

Not all herniated discs require intervention. Treatment may include medication, physiotherapy and surgery.

Medication

Analgesics: To relieve pain.

Ibuprofen

Narcotics: To relieve severe pain.

Codeine

Anticonvulsants: Treats radiating nerve pain.

Gabapentin

Muscle relaxants: To manage muscle spasms.

Metaxalone