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  2. Various pathways exist for DNA repair. These include direct reversal, excision repair, mismatch repair, and repair of DNA breaks.
    microbenotes.com/dna-damage-and-repair/
    During DNA synthesis, most DNA polymerases "check their work," fixing the majority of mispaired bases in a process called proofreading. Immediately after DNA synthesis, any remaining mispaired bases can be detected and replaced in a process called mismatch repair.
    www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/dna-as-th…
    Double-strand breaks, the most serious injuries that happen to DNA, can be repaired by one of two pathways: a fast but error-prone process known as NHEJ (non-homologous end joining) and a slower, error-free pathway known as HR (homologous recombination).
    www.salk.edu/news-release/right-way-repair-dna/
    Thus, enzymes known as DNA glycosylases remove damaged bases by literally cutting them out of the DNA strand through cleavage of the covalent bonds between the bases and the sugar-phosphate backbone. The resulting gap is then filled by a specialized repair polymerase and sealed by ligase.
    www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/dna-damage-r…
    A multidisciplinary team of Indiana University researchers have discovered that the motion of chromatin, the material that DNA is made of, can help facilitate effective repair of DNA damage in the human nucleus—a finding that could lead to improved cancer diagnosis and treatment.
    phys.org/news/2022-09-motion-dna-linked-respons…
     
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    DNA repair - Wikipedia

    DNA repair is a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome. In human cells, both normal metabolic activities and environmental factors such as radiation can cause DNA damage, resulting in tens of thousands of individual molecular … See more

    DNA damage, due to environmental factors and normal metabolic processes inside the cell, occurs at a rate of 10,000 to 1,000,000 molecular lesions per cell per day. While this … See more

    Epigenetic alterations due to DNA repair image
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    Pathological effects of poor DNA repair
    Experimental animals with genetic deficiencies in DNA repair often show decreased life span and increased cancer incidence. For example, mice deficient in the dominant NHEJ pathway and in telomere … See more

    Because of inherent limitations in the DNA repair mechanisms, if humans lived long enough, they would all eventually develop cancer. There are at … See more

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    Cells cannot function if DNA damage corrupts the integrity and accessibility of essential information in the genome (but cells remain superficially functional when non-essential genes … See more

    Cells exposed to ionizing radiation, ultraviolet light or chemicals are prone to acquire multiple sites of bulky DNA lesions and double-strand breaks. Moreover, DNA damaging agents can damage other biomolecules such as proteins, carbohydrates See more

    Hereditary DNA repair disorders
    Defects in the NER mechanism are responsible for several genetic disorders, including:
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    Damage to DNA is very common and is constantly being repaired. Epigenetic alterations can accompany DNA repair of oxidative damage or double-strand breaks. In human cells, … See more

     
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  4. Mechanisms of DNA damage, repair and mutagenesis - PMC

  5. DNA Repair - Molecular Biology of the Cell - NCBI …

    The two pathways differ in the way in which the damage is removed from DNA. The first pathway, called base excision repair, involves a battery of enzymes called DNA glycosylases, each of which can recognize a specific type of …

  6. DNA repair | Enzymes, Pathways & Benefits | Britannica

  7. 7.4: Repair Mechanisms - Biology LibreTexts

  8. Six Things to Know About DNA and DNA Repair – …

    Apr 11, 2017 · From among the dozens of fascinating things known about DNA, here are six items touching on the make up of DNA’s double helix, the vast amounts of DNA packed into every human’s cells, common DNA errors and a …

  9. Exploring DNA Damage and Repair Mechanisms: A Review with …

  10. Mutation, DNA Repair, and DNA Integrity | Learn Science at Scitable

  11. DNA Repair - The Cell - NCBI Bookshelf - National …

    Most damage to DNA is repaired by removal of the damaged bases followed by resynthesis of the excised region. Some lesions in DNA, however, can be repaired by direct reversal of the damage, which may be a more efficient way …

  12. Genetics, DNA Damage and Repair - StatPearls

    Aug 14, 2023 · Some enzymes can perform mismatch repair, ones that do nucleotide excision repair, and others that do base excision repair, and there are over 100 different types of DNA repair enzymes in every cell in our body, …

  13. DNA Damage, Repair, and Diseases - PMC - PubMed Central …

  14. Understanding how DNA repairs itself may lead to better cancer ...

  15. DNA damage repair: historical perspectives, mechanistic …

  16. Biochemistry, DNA Repair - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf

    Jul 25, 2023 · Single strand DNA (ssDNA) repair mechanisms include mismatch repair, base excision repair, and nucleotide excision repair.

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  17. The control of DNA repair by the cell cycle | Nature Cell Biology

  18. Critical step found in DNA repair, cellular aging - Harvard Gazette

  19. DNA-damage repair; the good, the bad, and the ugly - PMC

  20. DNA Replication, Repair, and Recombination

    In this chapter we describe the protein machines that replicate and repair the cell's DNA. These machines catalyze some of the most rapid and accurate processes that take place within cells, and their mechanisms clearly …

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  21. A direct view of DNA repair and beyond - Nature

  22. PARP1 condensates differentially partition DNA repair proteins …

  23. Regulation of DNA repair throughout the cell cycle - Nature

  24. TET2 germline variants promote kidney disease by impairing …