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  1. Inflammatory bowel disease - Causes

    Verified Expert

    • Inflammatory bowel disease cannot be attributed to a single cause. However, genetic factors and the immune system are associated with this disease.
    • Following are some associated risk factors:
    • Family history
    • Autoimmunity where the immune system attacks the body’s own cells
    • Environmental factors such as cigarette smoke or pollution
    • Age: Affects all age groups, but generally starts before the age of 35 years
    • Geographical area: People in urban areas are more at risk
    • Stress
    • Certain medications such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

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    Complications

    Verified Expert

    If untreated for a prolonged period it may lead to

    • Bowel narrowing and obstruction
    • Rupturing or formations of holes in the intestine
    • Canker sores in mouth because of Crohn’s disease
    • Ulcers, fissures, and fistulas around genital areas and anus
    • Eye inflammation
    • Skin disorders
    • Arthritis or inflammation of joints
    • Malnutrition
    • Colon cancer
    • Shock, in severe cases of blood loss and diarrhea

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    Symptoms

    Verified Expert
    Seek immediate medical attention if you experience symptoms.

    Symptoms may vary from mild to severe and include:

    • Diarrhea
    • Fever
    • Fatigue
    • Blood in stool
    • Bleeding ulcers
    • Stomach pain
    • Bloating and cramping
    • Reduced appetite
    • Unintended weight loss
    • Anemia
    • Flatulence

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    How does IBD affect the intestines?
    If inflammation is not controlled, over time IBD can damage the intestines, causing: Abscesses: pockets of infection that can result in tearing of the intestinal wall. Strictures: areas of narrowing in the bowel. Fistulas: abnormal passageways between two organs or vessels that normally do not connect.
    hopkinsmedicine.org

    Diagnosis

    Verified Expert
    One or more of these tests may be recommended by your medical provider.
    The diagnosis involves examining the family and personal history, performing a physical exam and running lab tests.

    Common tests & procedures

    Blood test: Blood tests alone cannot be used to diagnose IBD. They are performed to detect anemia or infection and gain additional insights.

    Video capsule endoscopy: This test can detect the early stages of the condition.

    X-ray: Done in emergency situations where intestine rupture is suspected.

    Barium enema: To distinctly visualize the colon and small intestine.

    Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): Done for evaluating a fistula around the anal area.

    CT scan: Provide more details and any other underlying causes, like abscess.

    Colonoscopy: Provides a detailed view of the inside of intestine.

    Sigmoidoscopy: Examines only the last part of the large intestine - the sigmoid colon.

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    Treatment

    Verified Expert

    Treatment of inflammatory bowel disease focuses on reducing inflammation that causes the symptoms which can eventually lead to complications. The treatment involves administering medication or performing surgery.

    Medication

    Anti-inflammatory drugs: To reduce inflammation of the digestive tract.

    Sulfasalazine . Corticosteroids

    Immune suppressants: To prevent the immune system from attacking own cells.

    Azathioprine

    Antibiotics: To cure bacterial infections.

    Ciprofloxacin . Metronidazole

    Anti-diarrheal agents: To prevent diarrhea.

    Loperamide . Diphenoxylate . Cholestyramine

    Analgesics: Pain relieving medications.

    Acetaminophen

    Supplements: Vitamin and mineral supplements.

    Vitamin D . Calcium

    See more
    Source: Focus Medica. For informational purposes only. Consult a medical professional for advice. | Disclaimer: Opinions are from external health professionals and should not be considered as Microsoft's opinion or a substitute for professional help. Consult a health professional for medical advice.
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    Table of Contents
    Causes
    Complications
    Symptoms
    How does IBD affect the intestines?
    Diagnosis
    Health guide
    Treatment
     

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  2. Key points

    • Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) triggers the body's immune system to mistakenly attack healthy bowel cells.
    • This causes problems in the intestines, causing life-long disease.
    • IBD appears to result from interactions between genetics and the environment that trigger an immune response.

    What Causes IBD | IBD | CDC - Centers for Disease Control and …

    www.cdc.gov/inflammatory-bowel-disease/causes/index.html
    www.cdc.gov/inflammatory-bowel-disease/causes/index.html
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  3. People also ask
    How does a person develop IBD?
    A person may develop IBD due to interactions between genetics and the environment, which triggers an immune response. A person's genes can affect a person's body (biology), including: The bacterial balance in the gut. How the immune system responds to infections.

    What Causes IBD | IBD | CDC - Centers for Disease Control and Preventi…

    cdc.gov
    What is IBD?

    Dr. Ramandeep Kaur

    Doctor of Medicine - MD · 9 years of exp

    IBD is inflammatory bowel disease. It comprises of a group of intestinal disorders characterized by prolonged inflammation of the digestive tract. It includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Symptoms are diarrhea, bleeding ulcers, stomach pain, weight loss and anemia. IBD can also has extra intestinal manifestations such as arthritis, uveitis, dermatological involvement and hepatic involvement. Treatment includes anti inflammatory drugs, immune system suppressants and antibiotics.
    Q&A: Inflammatory Bowel Disease
    bing.com
    How does IBD affect the intestines?
    If inflammation is not controlled, over time IBD can damage the intestines, causing: Abscesses: pockets of infection that can result in tearing of the intestinal wall. Strictures: areas of narrowing in the bowel. Fistulas: abnormal passageways between two organs or vessels that normally do not connect.

    Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) | Johns Hopkins Medicine

    hopkinsmedicine.org
    What happens if you have IBD?
    For example, someone with IBD may have arthritis, skin conditions, inflammation of the eye, liver and kidney disorders, or bone loss. Of all the complications outside the intestines, arthritis is the most common. Joint, eye, and skin complications often happen together. How Is IBD Diagnosed?

    Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Symptoms and Treatment - WebMD

    webmd.com
    What are the symptoms of IBD?
    IBD symptoms can range from mild to severe. Common symptoms include: Diarrhea or changes in bowel movements. Stomach pain. Fatigue. Nausea. Weight loss. Symptoms come and go in waves. "Remission" refers to periods when symptoms temporarily go away. "Flare-ups" refer to periods of increased symptoms.

    Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Basics | IBD | CDC

    cdc.gov
    How does IBD treatment work?
    A major goal of IBD treatment is to achieve remission. That means “healing up the gut”—i.e., getting the affected areas to look as normal and uninflamed as possible on tests—and helping patients feel better, Axelrad says. Treatments for IBD typically range from medication to surgery, often in combination.

    6 Myths About IBD, Debunked | TIME

    time.com
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  4. Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org › diseases-conditions › ...

    Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) - Symptoms and causes

     
  5. CDC
    https://www.cdc.gov › inflammatory-bowel …

    Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Basics | IBD | CDC

    Jun 21, 2024 · Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) refers to a group of lifelong diseases affecting the intestines. IBD occurs when the body's natural defense system mistakenly attacks healthy bowel cells. This causes inflammation …

  6. Cleveland Clinic
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org › health › diseases

    Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

  7. WebMD
    https://www.webmd.com › ibd-crohns-dise…

    Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Causes, …

    Dec 12, 2024 · Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of disorders in which the intestines become inflamed. It happens when your immune system launches repeated attacks that harm your gut.

  8. Johns Hopkins Medicine
    https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org › health › conditions...

    Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) - Johns Hopkins Medicine

  9. NYU Langone Health
    https://nyulangone.org › news › five-inflam…

    Five Inflammatory Bowel Disease Symptoms You …

    Oct 7, 2022 · It’s common to get a stomach bug and experience abdominal pain every once in a while. But for people with IBD, abdominal pain can linger and increase over time. Ongoing abdominal pain can be a signal of an IBD flare, …

  10. National Center for Biotechnology Information
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › books

    Inflammatory Bowel Disease - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf

  11. Verywell Health
    https://www.verywellhealth.com

    What Inflammatory Bowel Disease Pain Feels Like

    Nov 19, 2024 · Inflammatory bowel disease pain is primarily due to inflammation of the lining of the digestive tract. This inflammation triggers the release of pain-signaling chemicals (a warning that damage is occurring). Inflammation can …

  12. Yale Medicine
    https://www.yalemedicine.org › conditions …

    Inflammatory Bowel Disease > Fact Sheets - Yale …

    Inflammatory bowel disease is the umbrella term for two conditions that cause chronic inflammation within the digestive system: ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Both conditions cause diarrhea and abdominal discomfort, and both …

  13. NHS
    https://www.nhs.uk › conditions › inflammatory-bowel-disease

    Inflammatory bowel disease - NHS

  14. MedicineNet
    https://www.medicinenet.com › inflammato…

    Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Causes, …

    Jul 24, 2023 · Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are known as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The precise cause of IBD remains unknown. These diseases are believed to be caused by a combination of genetic and …

  15. Healthline
    https://www.healthline.com › health › inflammatory-bowel-disease

    Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Symptoms, Causes, and More

  16. MDS Manuals
    https://www.msdmanuals.com › professional › ...

    Overview of Inflammatory Bowel Disease - MSD Manuals

  17. CDC
    https://www.cdc.gov › inflammatory-bowel-disease › causes

    What Causes IBD | IBD | CDC - Centers for Disease Control and …

  18. Medical News Today
    https://www.medicalnewstoday.com › articles

    Inflammatory bowel disease: Causes, symptoms, and treatments

  19. Living With IBD
    https://www.livingwithibd.com › understanding-your-ibd

    What Is Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)? - Living With IBD

  20. nih.gov
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › articles

    Mechanisms of Inflammatory Bowel Disease - PMC

  21. American College of Gastroenterology
    https://gi.org › topics › inflammatory-bowel-disease

    Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) | ACG - American College of ...

  22. TIME
    https://time.com

    6 Myths About IBD, Debunked - TIME

  23. The Iowa Clinic
    https://www.iowaclinic.com › specialties › digestive...

    Understanding Inflammatory Bowel Disease | The Iowa Clinic

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