Here’s how to effectively clarify misunderstandings assertively:

1. Active Listening: Begin by listening intently to understand the other person’s perspective fully. ...
2. Use ‘I’ Statements: When clarifying, use ‘I’ statements to express your understanding or confusion. ...
3. Ask Open-Ended Questions: Encourage a clear explanation by asking open-ended questions. ...
4. Summarize and Repeat Back: To ensure you’ve understood correctly, summarize what was said and repeat it back. ...

When you don’t understand what someone has said, you can ask for clarification using the following expressions:

1. “What do you mean by…?”
2. “Do you mean…?”
3. “Could you say that again, please?”
4. “Could you repeat that, please?”
5. “Could you clarify that, please?”
6. “Would you elaborate on that, please?”
7. “Could you be more explicit?”
8. “Could you explain what you mean by…?”