Linear springs
Consider a simple helical spring that has one end attached to some fixed object, while the free end is being pulled by a force whose … See more

Objects that quickly regain their original shape after being deformed by a force, with the molecules or atoms of their material returning to the initial state of stable equilibrium, … See more

Isotropic materials
Isotropic materials are characterized by properties which are independent of direction in space. Physical equations involving isotropic materials must therefore be independent of the coordinate system chosen to … See more

Since Hooke's law is a simple proportionality between two quantities, its formulas and consequences are mathematically … See more

In SI units, displacements are measured in meters (m), and forces in newtons (N or kg·m/s ). Therefore, the spring constant k, and each element of the tensor κ, is measured in … See more

Tensional stress of a uniform bar
A rod of any elastic material may be viewed as a linear spring. The rod has length L and cross-sectional area A. Its tensile stress σ is linearly proportional to its fractional extension or strain ε by the modulus of elasticity See more

Linear deformations of elastic materials can be approximated as adiabatic. Under these conditions and for quasistatic processes the See more