• Common causes for Spinal stenosis are
• Wear and tear damages of bones which may lead to bone spur
• Overgrowth of bone
• Tumors in spine
• Tumours in spine
• Thickened ligaments - The spinal cord (nerve) which holds the bones of the spine together, becomes thick with aging and this can bulge into spinal canal.
• Herniated or bulging discs
• In some cases it is congenital (present by birth) - it is known as congenital spinal stenosis
• The risk factors include:
• Advance age
• Spinal injuries - accidents or injuries to the spine

Ageing related spinal stenosis cannot be prevented but the symptoms can be limited.

• Avoid smoking – smoking has been linked to back pain.
• Apply hot or cold packs
• Exercise regularly
• Maintain good posture while sitting, standing and sleeping
• Avoid lifting heavy weight straight from the ground. Bend knees and lift the heavy object.

In certain cases untreated spinal stenosis can lead to permanent:

• Numbness – compression of the nerve can cause numbness in arms and feet
• Weakness – person may feel weak due to the complication associated with spinal stenosis.
• Balance problems – Seen in severe cases of spinal stenosis
• Paralysis – In extreme cases, person may be paralyzed

Treatment options for spinal stenosis include: Medication, physical therapy and surgery. Surgical procedures are opted if the pain is severe and there are any neurological problems.

Medication

Analgesics: Reduce pain.

Ibuprofen . Naproxen . Acetaminophen

Antidepressants: Ease chronic pain.

Doxepin . Clomipramine

Anti-seizure medication: Reduce pain caused by damaged nerve.

Gabapentin . Pregabalin

Opioids: For short time pain relief.

Oxycodone . Hydrocodone

Steroid injections: Prevent swelling.

Betamethasone