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Luminosity class 0 or Ia+ is used for hypergiants, class I for supergiants, class II for bright giants, class III for regular giants, class IV for subgiants, class V for main-sequence stars, class sd (or VI) for subdwarfs, and class D (or VII) for white dwarfs.

Feb 18, 2025 · Together, the spectral class and the luminosity class determine the (rough) location of a star in the HR diagram; and that, in turn, provides a (rougher) estimate of the star's absolute magnitude. In theory, we can use a star's spectral class as a guide to its distance:

The luminosity class: roman numerals I to V In 1943, astronomers Morgan, Keenan and Kellman of Yerkes Observatory published a scheme for incorporating the width of absorption lines into stellar classification.

Luminosity classes correspond to horizontal and diagonal bands on the HR diagram that are related to the size of a star. This somewhat qualitative classification is exhibited in the adjacent table and in the HR diagram displayed below.

5 days ago · The generally accepted system of stellar classification is a combination of two classification schemes: the Harvard system, which is based on the star’s surface temperature, and the MK system, which is based on the star’s luminosity.

The luminosity class designation describes the size (gravitational acceleration in photosphere) of a star from the atmospheric pressure. For larger stars of a given spectral type, the surface gravity decreases relative to what it was on the main sequence, and this decreases the equivalent widths of the absorption lines.

Apr 4, 2025 · A classification of stars according to their luminosity, which can vary widely for a given spectral type. Luminosity class indicates, for example, whether a star is a supergiant, a giant, or a dwarf. The luminosity class is assigned by examination of the star's spectrum, looking at luminosity-sensitive lines or line ratios.

A luminosity class is appended to a star’s Harvard spectral type and designated by a Roman numeral (see Table 4.4). The supergiant stars use the Roman numeral “I” (also divided into subclasses Ia and Ib), where main-sequence stars use the Roman numeral “V”.

These markers of spectral line width define the luminosity classes of the stars. The stars on the main sequence define the V luminosity class. The stars in classes II and III are called giants, and the stars in class I are called supergiants.

Finally, the roman numerals described in Table 2 indicate the luminosity class, which typically correlates with the stellar radius (and inversely with the surface gravity).