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  1. Script typeAbugida
    Time period16th century CE-present

    Gurmukhi - Wikipedia

    • The Sikh gurus adopted Proto-Gurmukhī to write the Guru Granth Sahib, the religious scriptures of the Sikhs. The Takri alphabet developed through the Dēvāśēṣa stage of the Sharada script from the 14th-18th centuries [ 26 ] and is found mainly in the Hill States such as Chamba, Himachal Pradesh and surrounding areas, where it is called ...… See more

    Overview

    Gurmukhī is an abugida developed from the Laṇḍā scripts, standardized and used by the second Sikh guru, Guru Angad (1504–1552). Commonly regarded as a Sikh script, Gurmukhi is used in Punjab, India as the official … See more

    History and development

    The Gurmukhī script is generally believed to have roots in the Proto-Sinaitic alphabet by way of the Brahmi script, which developed further into the Northwestern group (Sharada, or Śāradā, and its descendant… See more

    Characters

    The Gurmukhī alphabet contains thirty-five base letters (akkhară), traditionally arranged in seven rows of five letters each. The first three letters, or mātarā vāhakă ("vowel bearer"), are distinct because they form the ba… See more

    Palaeography

    Before the 1970s, Gurbani and other Sikh scriptures were written in the traditional scriptio continua method of writing the Gurmukhi script known as ਲੜੀਵਾਰ laṛīvāră, where there were no spacing between words in th… See more

    Digitization

    Panjab Digital Library has taken up digitization of all available manuscripts of Gurmukhī Script. The script has been in formal use since the 1500s, and a lot of literature written within this time period is still traceab… See more

    Bibliography

    • Jain, Danesh; Cardona, George (2007). The Indo-Aryan Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-79711-9.
    Salomon, Richard (2007). "Writing Systems of the Indo-Aryan Languages". In Cardona, George; Jai… See more

     
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  2. Gurmukhi alphabet, writing system developed by the Sikhs in India for their sacred literature. It seems to have been modified from the Lahnda script, which is used to write the Punjabi, Sindhi, and Lahnda (now considered to consist of Siraiki and Hindko) languages.
    www.britannica.com/topic/Gurmukhi-alphabet
    Gurmukhi is the name of the script used in writing primarily Punjabi and, secondarily, Sindhi language. It is exclusively used to write the Sikh holy scriptures, Sri Guru Granth Sahib and Dasam Granth.
    www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Learn_Gurmukhi
    GURMUKHI is the name of the script used in writing primarily Punjabi and, secondarily, Sindhi language. It is used in the Sikh scripture and in contemporary India. It is an evolute from the old Brahmi script like Devanagari and other scripts of the area like Sharda, Takri, Mahajani etc. Gurmukhi characters are even older than Devanagari.
    www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Gurmukhi
    Sikhs are expected to make an effort at learning the Gurmukhi script and teaching it to their children in order to read the Guru Granth Sahib in its original written form. Gurmukhi has 35 letters as well as nine vowel modifiers. In addition there are five special sound modifiers symbols. A vertical bar is used to indicate the end of a sentences.
    The majority of Sikh scriptures were originally written in the alphabet of Gurmukhī, a script standardised by Guru Angad out of Laṇḍā scripts historically used in present-day Pakistan and North India.
    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikhism
     
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  4. Introduction to Gurmukhi Script and the Punjabi …

    WEBMay 18, 2017 · Gurmukhi numerals are used to reference verses and page numbers in Gurbani, the hymns of the Guru Granth Sahib, Sikhism's …

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    • Gurmukhi - SikhiWiki, free Sikh encyclopedia.

      WEBThe Gurmukhi Alphabet is also called 'Painti Akhri' because it contains thirty-five letters. The alphabet has also crossed the frontiers of its homeland. Sikhs have settled in all parts of the world and Gurmukhi has …

    • Gurmukhi alphabet - SikhiWiki, free Sikh encyclopedia.

    • Gurmukhi alphabet | Punjabi, Sikhism, Script | Britannica

    • Learn Gurmukhi - SikhiWiki, free Sikh encyclopedia.

      WEBNov 23, 2013 · It took a Russian Sikh who lives in London to explains the how Guru Angad to logically structure the 35 letters of Punjabi Alphabet / Gurmukhi Alphabet. We look at how the letters are divided into lines …

    • Gurmukhi: Guru Nanak Sahib’s Alphabets - SikhRI

      WEBAs per Sikh doctrine, the Guru Granth Sahib is an infallible sovereign anthology. Its contributors include the Gurus (Perfections), the Bhagats (devotees), the Bhatts (bards), and the Sikhs (learners).

    • Sikhism Religion of the Sikh People - Sikhs.org

      WEBLearn about the history, features and symbols of Gurmukhi, the script used by Sikhs and other Punjabi speakers. See the table of letters, numbers and vowel modifiers, and practice with a paragraph example.

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    • Gurmukhi Alphabet with Pronunciation Guides - SikhNet

      WEBJan 14, 2019 · Three pronunciation guides in English, German and French to facilitate the learning of Gurmukhi.

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