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    Overview - Autonomic dysfunction

    Verified Expert
    Also known as: autonomic neuropathy, dysautonomia
    A disease condition in which the nerves of the autonomic nervous system are damaged. This affects the heart function, blood pressure, bladder function, digestion and even sexual function.
    Condition Highlight
    Urgent medical attention is usually recommended by healthcare providers
    Condition Highlight
    Certain types can be dangerous or life threatening
    How common is condition?
    Common (More than 200,000 cases per year in US)
    Is condition treatable?
    Treatments can help manage condition, no known cure
    Does diagnosis require lab test or imaging?
    Requires lab test or imaging
    Condition Highlight
    Family history may increase likelihood for some types
    See more

    Causes

    Verified Expert

    • Autonomic dysfunction is caused by various underlying disease conditions and medication side effects.
    • Primary causes include:
    • Familial dysautonomia
    • Idiopathic autonomic hypotension
    • Shy-Drager syndrome
    • Parkinson’s syndrome associated with autonomic failure
    • Secondary causes include:
    • Amyloidosis
    • Autoimmune neuropathies such as myasthenia gravis, rheumatoid arthritis
    • Carcinomatous autonomic neuropathy
    • Deconditioning
    • Diabetes
    • HIV
    • Lyme disease
    • Vitamin B1, B3, B6 and B12 deficiencies
    • Paraneoplastic syndromes
    • Porphyria
    • Medicines such as chemotherapy, anticholinergic drugs
    • Toxicity from excessive alcohol, chemotherapy drugs, heavy metal poisoning
    • Physical trauma, surgery, pregnancy, viral illness
    • The risk factors include:
    • Diabetes
    • Amyloidosis - A condition in which an abnormal protein called amyload builds up in orgains
    • Porphyria - A group of liver disorders in which porphyrins build up in the body affecting skin and nervous system
    • hypothyroidism - A condition in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough hormone
    • Cancer

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    Symptoms

    Verified Expert
    Seek immediate medical attention if you experience symptoms.

    The symptoms include:

    • Orthostatic hypotension - dizziness upon standing
    • Exercise intolerance
    • Sweating abnormalities
    • Loss of appetite, bloating, diarrhea, constipation, difficulty swallowing
    • Urinary incontinence
    • Incomplete emptying of the bladder
    • Ejaculation difficulties, difficult maintaining erections
    • Blurry vision

    See more
    Why is the autonomic nervous system important?
    The autonomic nervous system plays an important role in the human body, controlling many of the body's automatic processes. This system also helps prepare the body to cope with stress and threats, as well as returning the body to a resting state afterward.
    verywellmind.com

    Treatment

    Verified Expert

    Treatment includes treating the underlying disease and managing specific symptoms.

    Medication

    Fiber supplements: Helps normalize digestion and bowel movements.

    Methylcellulose

    Prokinetic agents: Medications that increase gastric emptying.

    Metoclopramide

    Antibiotics: Controls diarrhea caused by bacterial infection.

    Ciprofloxacin

    Antidepressants: Treat nerve related abdominal pain.

    Imipramine

    Urinary antispasmodic: Medication that ensures complete bladder emptying.

    Bethanechol

    Cholinergics: Medications that decrease bladder over activity.

    Tolterodine

    Phosphodiesterase inhibitors: Medication for erectile dysfunction.

    Sildenafil

    Vasopressors: Medication that treats orthostatic hypotension by raising blood pressure.

    Midodrine

    Beta blockers: Medications that regulate heart rate.

    Metoprolol

    Antispasmodics: Medication that decrease perspiration.

    Glycopyrrolate

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    Diagnosis

    Verified Expert
    One or more of these tests may be recommended by your medical provider.
    Diagnostic tests depend on symptoms and risk factors. Several tests to evaluate autonomic functions are conducted.

    Common tests & procedures

    Valsalva maneuver: To evaluate the breathing process.

    Tilt table test: Monitor the response of blood pressure and heart rate changes in posture and position.

    Quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test (QSART): Evaluates response of sweat glands to stimulation.

    Thermoregulatory sweat test: Check sweat pattern.

    Bladder function test: To evaluate bladder function.

    See more
    Source: Focus Medica. For informational purposes only. Consult a medical professional for advice.

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