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  1. List of French possessions and colonies - Wikipedia

    • From the 16th to the 17th centuries, the First French colonial empire existed mainly in the Americas and Asia. During the 19th and 20th centuries, the second French colonial empire existed mainly in Africa and Asia. France had about 80 colonies throughout its history, the second most colonies in the world behind only the British Empire. Around 40 countries gained in… See more

    In the Americas

    • Present-day Canada
    • Present-day United States
    • Present-day Brazil
    • Present-day Haiti
    • Present-day Dominican Republic (1795–1809)… See more

    In Southern Europe

    • Malta See more

     
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  2. These zones, which continue to exist today as the CFA, encompass 12 former colonies—Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Togo, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, and Republic of the Congo—plus Guinea-Bissau and Equatorial Guinea.
    hir.harvard.edu/true-sovereignty-the-cfa-franc-and-french-influence-in-west-and-central-africa/
    hir.harvard.edu/true-sovereignty-the-cfa-franc-and-french-influence-in-west-and …
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  3. How France Continues to Dominate Its Former …

    Mar 29, 2021 · In France’s former African colonies, imperialist monetary policies from Paris continue to cripple domestic economies and undermine democracy. Colonialism in Africa won’t have meaningfully come to an end until true …

     
  4. France's waning influence in coup-hit Africa appears clear while …

  5. Why ex-French colonies are joining the Commonwealth - BBC

  6. True Sovereignty? The CFA Franc and French Influence in West …

  7. African Countries Colonized by France and Their …

    Jul 16, 2023 · France had a significant presence in Africa during the colonial period, with colonies scattered all over West, East, Central and Northern Africa. These colonies gained independence in various years, with Guinea being the …

  8. Why France faces so much anger in West Africa - BBC

  9. Former French Colonies in Africa Demand a Reset

    Apr 14, 2022 · Over the past few years there has been a sharp rise in criticism of France across its former colonies in Africa, rooted in a feeling that colonialist practices and paternalistic attitudes never...

  10. "The Ongoing Influence of French Colonialism in Former African …

  11. Au revoir, Sahel: Did 2023 crush France’s influence in …

    Dec 31, 2023 · France’s hold on its African allies significantly shrunk in 2023. Here’s a timeline of how that unfolded. French President Emmanuel Macron (centre) and Foreign Affairs Minister Jean-Yves Le Drian...

  12. Why ex-French colonies in Africa seem beset by coups

    Some former French colonies in Africa are fast gaining notoriety for military coups. Experts blame the worrying trend on high levels of poverty, poor governance, excessive French influence...

  13. How France Has Continued Exploiting Its Former African …

  14. Niger coup: Is France to blame for instability in West Africa? - BBC

  15. Macron looks on as France's Africa policy crumbles - BBC News

  16. Niger is Latest African Country Where France’s Fortunes are …

  17. As France Faces Backlash in Africa, Macron Tries Reset With Ex …

  18. Gabon coup shows how France’s influence on its former ... - CNN

  19. Why does France have military bases in Africa? - BBC

  20. France in Africa: why Macron’s policies increased distrust and anger

  21. (PDF) THE FRENCH AND BRITISH COLONIAL RULE IN …