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  1. James Van Allen
    James Van AllenAmerican astrophysicist
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  2. Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Van_Allen

    James Van Allen - Wikipedia

    • James Alfred Van Allen (September 7, 1914 – August 9, 2006) was an American space physicist at the University of Iowa. He was instrumental in establishing the field of magnetospheric research in space. The Van Allen radiation belts were named after him, following his discovery using Geiger–Müller tube instruments on the 1958 satellites (Explorer 1, Explorer 3, and Pi… See more

    Early years and education

    James Van Allen was born on September 7, 1914, on a small farm near Mount Pleasant, Iowa. As a child, he was fascinated by mechani…

    World War II

    In August 1939, Van Allen joined the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism (DTM) of the Carnegie Institution in Washington, D.C. as a Carnegie Research Fellow. In the summer of 1940, he joined DTM's national defense efforts with his appointment to a …

    BornJames Alfred Van Allen · September 7, 1914 · Mount Pleasant, Iowa, US
    DiedAugust 9, 2006 (aged 91) · Iowa City, Iowa, US
    EducationIowa Wesleyan College B.S. · University of Iowa (M.S., Ph.D.)
    Known forVan Allen radiation belts · Magnetospheric physics
    1946–1954 Aerobee and Rockoon

    Discharged from the Navy in 1946, Van Allen returned to civilian research at APL. He organized and directed a team at Johns Hopkins University to conduct high-altitude experiments, using V-2 rockets captured from the Germans at the end of World Wa…

    International Geophysical Year 1957–58

    In 1950 an event occurred that began small but was to affect the future of Van Allen and all his countrymen. In March, British Physicist Sydney Chapman dropped in on Van Allen [and] remarked that he would like to meet other scientists in the Washingto…

    Pioneer of space science and exploration

    The May 4, 1959, issue of Time magazine credited James Van Allen as the man most responsible for giving the U.S. "a big lead in scientific achievement." They called Van Allen "a key figure in the cold war’s competition for prestige. .... Today he ca…

    Professor emeritus

    Van Allen stepped down as the head of the department of physics and astronomy in 1985, but continued working at the University of Iowa as the Carver Professor of Physics, emeritus. On October 9, 2004, the University of Iowa and the UI Alumni …

    Personal life and death

    Van Allen's wife of 61 years was Abigail Fithian Halsey II of Cincinnati (1922–2008). They met at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL) during World War II. They were married October 13, 1945, in Southampton, Long …

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    Table of Contents
    Early years and education
    World War II
    Quick Facts
    1946–1954 Aerobee and Rockoon
    International Geophysical Year 1957–58
    Pioneer of space science and exploration
    Professor emeritus
     

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  2. Britannica
    https://www.britannica.com/biography/…

    James A. Van Allen | Space exploration, Cosmic rays, …

    James A. Van Allen (born Sept. 7, 1914, Mount Pleasant, Iowa, U.S.—died Aug. 9, 2006, Iowa City, Iowa) was an American physicist, whose discovery of the Van Allen radiation belts, two zones of radiation encircling Earth, brought about …

     

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  4. Physics and Astronomy | The University of Iowa
    https://physics.uiowa.edu/about/james-van-allen

    James Van Allen, Space Pioneer - Physics and Astronomy

  5. Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_Allen_radiation_belt

    Van Allen radiation belt - Wikipedia

  6. uiowa.edu
    https://vanallen.physics.uiowa.edu

    James Van Allen | The University of Iowa

  7. People also ask
    Why were the Van Allen belts named after James Van Allen?
    The inner belt, composed predominantly of protons, and the outer belt, mostly electrons, would come to be named the Van Allen Belts, after James Van Allen, the scientist who led the charge designing the instruments and studying the radiation data from Explorer 1.

    Studying the Van Allen Belts 60 Years After America’s First ... - NASA

    nasa.gov
    What is the shape of the Van Allen belt?
    The shape of the Van Allen belts can vary widely depending on how energetic the individual electrons are, and general conditions in the Earth’s magnetic environment. During geomagnetic storms (4), all three regions in the belts can balloon. (Image credit: NASA GODDARD/DUBERSTEIN)

    Van Allen Radiation Belts: Facts & Findings | Space

    space.com
    Why do astronauts fly through the Van Allen belt?
    The outer belt is made up of billions of high-energy particles that originate from the Sun and the inner belt results from interactions of cosmic rays with Earth’s atmosphere. Astronauts must fly though the Van Allen Belts to reach outer space, so it is important to fly through this region quickly to limit their exposure to radiation.

    What are the Van Allen Belts and why do they matter?

    science.nasa.gov
    Which spacecraft was designed by Dr Van Allen?
    Pioneer 3 (launched 6 December 1958) and Explorer IV (launched July 26, 1958) also carried instruments designed and built by Dr. Van Allen. These spacecraft provided Van Allen additional data that led to the discovery of a second, outer radiation belt encircling the inner belt.

    A Short History of Earth's Radiation Belts - NASA

    nasa.gov
    How did Van Allen contribute to Earth's magnetosphere?
    Not content with his pioneering work on Earth's magnetosphere, Van Allen extended his research to other planets. He and his colleagues built similar Geiger-tube instrumentation for the Mariner 2 and 4 flights to Venus and Mars, respectively, and the Pioneer 10 and 11 flights to Jupiter and Saturn.

    James A. Van Allen (1914–2006) | Nature

    nature.com
    Why did Apollo go through the Van Allen belt?
    In the 1960s, several Apollo crews went through the Van Allen belts on their way to and from the moon. Their time in that radiation-intensive region, however, was very short, in part because the trajectory was designed to pass through the thinnest known parts.

    Van Allen Radiation Belts: Facts & Findings | Space

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  8. NASA
    https://www.nasa.gov/solar-system/studying-the-van...

    Studying the Van Allen Belts 60 Years After America’s First

  9. NASA
    https://www.nasa.gov/history/sputnik/v…

    Sputnik Biographies--James A. Van Allen (1914- )

    Learn about the life and achievements of James A. Van Allen, a pioneer of magnetospheric physics and the discoverer of the Earth's radiation belts. Find out how he contributed to the International Geophysical Year and other space …

  10. NASA
    https://www.nasa.gov/image-article/scientist-james-van-allen

    The Scientist: James Van Allen - NASA

  11. uiowa.edu
    https://vanallen.physics.uiowa.edu/biog…

    Autobiography | James Van Allen - The University of …

    I was born to Alfred Morris and Alma Olney Van Allen on the 7th of September 1914, the second of their four sons, in Mount Pleasant (population then about 3000), Iowa, the county seat of Henry County.

  12. Bulletin of the AAS
    https://baas.aas.org/pub/james-alfred-v…

    James Alfred Van Allen (1914–2006) · Vol. 38, Issue 4

    Dec 1, 2006 · James Van Allen was the consummate teacher and mentor. Years ago, when asked how he would most like to be remembered, he replied simply, "As a teacher." He supervised the preparation of forty-eight master's and thirty …

  13. uiowa.edu
    https://space.physics.uiowa.edu/ProfV…

    James A. Van Allen - Department of Physics and …

    James Van Allen Papers are available from University of Iowa Digital Libraries Images: University of Iowa - 2018 Explorer 1 - 60th anniversary poster; University of Iowa Explorer 1 payload; James Van Allen biographical sketch poster (PDF) …

  14. uiowa.edu
    https://vanallen.physics.uiowa.edu/biography

    Biography | James Van Allen - The University of Iowa

  15. AIP Publishing
    https://pubs.aip.org/.../387143/James-Alfred-Van-Allen

    James Alfred Van Allen | Physics Today | AIP Publishing

  16. Astronomy Magazine
    https://www.astronomy.com/science/james-van-allen-19141502006

    James Van Allen (1914 – 2006) - Astronomy Magazine

  17. New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/10/science/space/10vanallen.html

    James A. Van Allen, Discoverer of Earth-Circling Radiation Belts, …

  18. Nature
    https://www.nature.com/articles/443158a

    James A. Van Allen (1914–2006) | Nature

  19. Space.com
    https://www.space.com/33948-

    Van Allen Radiation Belts: Facts & Findings | Space

  20. Science Mission Directorate
    https://science.nasa.gov/biological-physical/stories/van-allen-belts

    What are the Van Allen Belts and why do they matter?

  21. uiowa.edu
    https://vanallen.physics.uiowa.edu/publications

    Publications | James Van Allen - The University of Iowa

  22. NASA
    https://www.nasa.gov/history/a-short-history-of-earths-radiation-belts

    A Short History of Earth's Radiation Belts - NASA

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