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  1. Puddling (metallurgy) - Wikipedia

    • Puddling is the process of converting pig iron to bar (wrought) iron in a coal fired reverberatory furnace. It was developed in England during the 1780s. The molten pig iron was stirred in a reverberatory furnace, in an oxidizing environment to burn the carbon, resulting in wrought iron. It was one of the most important processes for making the first apprecia… See more

    History

    Modern puddling was one of several processes developed in the second half of the 18th century in Great Britain for produc… See more

    Process

    The process begins by preparing the puddling furnace. This involves bringing the furnace to a low temperature and then fettling it. Fettling is the process of painting the grate and walls around it with iron oxides, typi… See more

    Puddled steel

    In the late 1840s, the German chemist Franz Anton Lohage [de] developed a modification of the puddling process to produce not iron but steel at the Haspe Iron Works in Hagen; it was subsequently commercial… See more

    Puddling furnace

    The puddling furnace is a metalmaking technology used to create wrought iron or steel from the pig iron produced in a blast furnace. The furnace is constructed to pull the hot air over the iron without the fuel coming int… See more

    Footnotes

    Sources
    • Landes, David. S. (1969). The Unbound Prometheus: Technological Change and Industrial Development in Western Europe from 1750 to the Present. Cambridge, New York: Pres… See more

    Further reading

    • W. K. V. Gale, Iron and Steel (Longmans, London 1969), 55ff.
    • W. K. V. Gale, The British Iron and Steel Industry: a technical history (David & Charles, Newton Abbot 1967), 62–66.… See more

     
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  2. The Legacy of Puddled Iron in Contemporary Metallurgy

    Puddled iron, a landmark innovation of the Industrial Revolution, was a form of refined iron produced through a process known as puddling. This method involved decarburizing molten pig iron in a reverberatory furnace, which, by …

     
  3. Puddlers, Shinglers & Rollers: the Story of Malleable Iron

  4. Puddling process | Iron Smelting, Refining & Casting | Britannica

  5. Iron puddler - Wikipedia

  6. Puddling: a metallurgical perspective | Historical Metallurgy

  7. Puddling (metallurgy) - chemeurope.com

  8. What is Puddling? - AllTheScience

    May 21, 2024 · Puddling is a metallurgical process which was used during the Industrial Revolution as a means of making iron and steel. It is used by subjecting pig iron or any other impure metal to intense heat and frequent stirring inside a …

  9. Puddling Steel, Technique and History of | SpringerLink

  10. The Puddler - The Melting Pot

    Feb 11, 2017 · Puddling was a method of turning pig iron into much more malleable wrought iron. It was invented by Henry Cort but perfected by Richard Crawshay at Cyfarthfa in the 1790s.

  11. Iron in 1790: production statistics 1787-96 and the arrival of puddling

  12. Characteristics of wrought steel (also often called puddled iron)

  13. Fatigue crack propagation behavior of old puddle iron including …

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  15. Puddling and Boiling Iron - Scientific American

  16. Cast-iron architecture - Wikipedia

  17. Puddled Iron Corrosion

  18. Puddled Iron, Puddled Iron, Puddled Iron Manufacturers, …

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  20. Eads' Ironclads - The Historical Marker Database

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