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  1. Puddling (metallurgy) - Wikipedia

    • Puddling is the process of converting pig iron to bar (wrought) iron in a coal fired reverberatory furnace. It was developed in England during the 1780s. The molten pig iron was stirred in a reverberatory furnace, in an oxidizing environment to burn the carbon, resulting in wrought iron. It was one of the most important processes for making the first apprecia… See more

    History

    Modern puddling was one of several processes developed in the second half of the 18th century in Great Britain for produc… See more

    Process

    The process begins by preparing the puddling furnace. This involves bringing the furnace to a low temperature and then fettling it. Fettling is the process of painting the grate and walls around it with iron oxides, typi… See more

    Puddled steel

    In the late 1840s, the German chemist Franz Anton Lohage [de] developed a modification of the puddling process to produce not iron but steel at the Haspe Iron Works in Hagen; it was subsequently commercial… See more

    Puddling furnace

    The puddling furnace is a metalmaking technology used to create wrought iron or steel from the pig iron produced in a blast furnace. The furnace is constructed to pull the hot air over the iron without the fuel coming int… See more

    Footnotes

    Sources
    • Landes, David. S. (1969). The Unbound Prometheus: Technological Change and Industrial Development in Western Europe from 1750 to the Present. Cambridge, New York: Pres… See more

    Further reading

    • W. K. V. Gale, Iron and Steel (Longmans, London 1969), 55ff.
    • W. K. V. Gale, The British Iron and Steel Industry: a technical history (David & Charles, Newton Abbot 1967), 62–66.… See more

     
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  2. Puddling process | Iron Smelting, Refining & Casting | Britannica

     
  3. What is Puddling? - AllTheScience

  4. The Legacy of Puddled Iron in Contemporary Metallurgy

    Puddled iron, a landmark innovation of the Industrial Revolution, was a form of refined iron produced through a process known as puddling. This method involved decarburizing molten pig iron in a reverberatory furnace, which, by …

  5. Puddling: a metallurgical perspective | Historical Metallurgy

  6. Puddling (metallurgy) - chemeurope.com

  7. Puddling Process - SpringerLink

  8. Puddling process - Big Chemical Encyclopedia

  9. Puddlers, Shinglers & Rollers: the Story of Malleable Iron

    Puddling was the first successful process for making malleable iron from pig iron without using charcoal. Unlike in the Finery the iron was not in direct contact with the fuel of a puddling furnace, only with the hot gases from it. This helped …

  10. Puddling process - (Honors World History) - Fiveable

  11. Puddling Europe - Inventing Europe

  12. Puddling: A New Look at an Old Process - J-STAGE

  13. Puddling furnace | PPT - SlideShare

  14. Wrought Iron Process

  15. How was puddling process invented? – TeachersCollegesj

  16. Puddling (metallurgy) - Detailed Pedia

  17. Why was the puddling process important? - Heimduo

  18. What is Puddling Furnace? Unlock the Ancient Art of Metal ...

  19. The Puddler - The Melting Pot

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