• Inflammatory bowel disease cannot be attributed to a single cause. However, genetic factors and the immune system are associated with this disease.
• Following are some associated risk factors:
• Family history
• Autoimmunity where the immune system attacks the body’s own cells
• Environmental factors such as cigarette smoke or pollution
• Age: Affects all age groups, but generally starts before the age of 35 years
• Geographical area: People in urban areas are more at risk
• Stress
• Certain medications such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

If untreated for a prolonged period it may lead to

• Bowel narrowing and obstruction
• Rupturing or formations of holes in the intestine
• Canker sores in mouth because of Crohn’s disease
• Ulcers, fissures, and fistulas around genital areas and anus
• Eye inflammation
• Skin disorders
• Arthritis or inflammation of joints
• Malnutrition
• Colon cancer
• Shock, in severe cases of blood loss and diarrhea

Treatment of inflammatory bowel disease focuses on reducing inflammation that causes the symptoms which can eventually lead to complications. The treatment involves administering medication or performing surgery.

Medication

Anti-inflammatory drugs: To reduce inflammation of the digestive tract.

Sulfasalazine . Corticosteroids

Immune suppressants: To prevent the immune system from attacking own cells.

Azathioprine

Antibiotics: To cure bacterial infections.

Ciprofloxacin . Metronidazole

Anti-diarrheal agents: To prevent diarrhea.

Loperamide . Diphenoxylate . Cholestyramine

Analgesics: Pain relieving medications.

Acetaminophen

Supplements: Vitamin and mineral supplements.

Vitamin D . Calcium