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  1. Puddling (metallurgy) - Wikipedia

    • The puddling furnace is a metalmaking technology used to create wrought iron or steel from the pig iron produced in a blast furnace. The furnace is constructed to pull the hot air over the iron without the fuel coming into direct contact with the iron, a system generally known as a reverberatory furnace or open hearth furnace. The major advantage of this system is k… See more

    Overview

    Puddling is the process of converting pig iron to bar (wrought) iron in a coal fired reverberatory furnace. It was developed … See more

    History

    Modern puddling was one of several processes developed in the second half of the 18th century in Great Britain for producing bar iron from pig iron without the use of charcoal. It gradually replaced the earlier char… See more

    Process

    The process begins by preparing the puddling furnace. This involves bringing the furnace to a low temperature and then fettling it. Fettling is the process of painting the grate and walls around it with iron oxides, typi… See more

    Puddled steel

    In the late 1840s, the German chemist Franz Anton Lohage [de] developed a modification of the puddling process to produce not iron but steel at the Haspe Iron Works in Hagen; it was subsequently commercial… See more

    Footnotes

    Sources
    • Landes, David. S. (1969). The Unbound Prometheus: Technological Change and Industrial Development in Western Europe from 1750 to the Present. Cambridge, New York: Pres… See more

    Further reading

    • W. K. V. Gale, Iron and Steel (Longmans, London 1969), 55ff.
    • W. K. V. Gale, The British Iron and Steel Industry: a technical history (David & Charles, Newton Abbot 1967), 62–66.… See more

     
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  2. Puddling was one of several processes developed in the second half of the 18th century in Great Britain for producing bar iron from pig iron without the use of charcoal. It gradually replaced the earlier charcoal-fuelled process, conducted in a finery forge.
    Learn more:
    Puddling was one of several processes developed in the second half of the 18th century in Great Britain for producing bar iron from pig iron without the use of charcoal. It gradually replaced the earlier charcoal-fuelled process, conducted in a finery forge.
    www.liquisearch.com/puddling_metallurgy/history
    The inception of puddled iron traces back to the late 18th century, with Henry Cort, an English inventor and metalworker, being the brainchild behind this revolutionary technique. Cort patented his process in 1784, significantly transforming the iron industry.
    jupiterscience.com/chemistry/the-legacy-of-puddle…
    Puddling was one of several methods for producing iron that were developed in Europe during the 1700s. It has the distinction, however, of being the most successful method in the history of metallurgy for making pig iron into bar iron without using charcoal.
    www.allthescience.org/what-is-puddling.htm
    Puddling was a method of turning pig iron into much more malleable wrought iron. It was invented by Henry Cort but perfected by Richard Crawshay at Cyfarthfa in the 1790s.
    www.merthyr-history.com/?p=560
     
  3. Puddlers, Shinglers & Rollers: the Story of Malleable Iron

     
  4. The Legacy of Puddled Iron in Contemporary Metallurgy

    Puddled iron, a landmark innovation of the Industrial Revolution, was a form of refined iron produced through a process known as puddling. This method involved decarburizing molten pig iron in a reverberatory furnace, which, by …

  5. Puddling furnace | metallurgy | Britannica

  6. Puddling process | Iron Smelting, Refining & Casting | Britannica

  7. Iron puddler - Wikipedia

  8. America's First Iron Puddling Furnace - The Historical …

    Sep 10, 2017 · In 1817 ironmaster Isaac Meason and Welshman, Thomas Lewis built a puddling furnace and bar rolling mill here using a process from Wales that revolutionized the iron industry. (A historical marker located in Smock in …

  9. So Your Ancestor Worked in the Iron Industry?

    Each puddler worked at an individual puddling furnace, manipulating a ball of molten iron under intense heat. When ready, the ball of iron would be beaten using a shingling hammer to remove impurities.

  10. Puddling (metallurgy) - chemeurope.com

  11. Puddling: a metallurgical perspective | Historical Metallurgy

  12. Puddling process - (Honors World History) - Fiveable

  13. Puddling Steel, Technique and History of | SpringerLink

  14. Wrought Iron - The Small Workshop

  15. Puddling (metallurgy) - History - LiquiSearch

  16. The Puddler - The Melting Pot

  17. What is Puddling? - AllTheScience

  18. The Puddling Furnace - ChestofBooks.com

  19. What is Puddling Furnace? Unlock the Ancient Art of Metal ...

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