Over 1,000 living species of gymnosperm exist. It was previously widely accepted that the gymnosperms originated in the Late Carboniferous period, replacing the lycopsid rainforests of the tropical region, but more recent … See more

Gymnosperms, like all vascular plants, have a sporophyte-dominant life cycle, which means they spend most of their life cycle with diploid cells, while the gametophyte (gamete … See more

Gymnosperms have major economic uses. Some, such as pine, fir, spruce, and cedar, are used for lumber, paper production, and resin. Some other common uses for gymnosperms are See more

• Gymnosperm Database
• Gymnosperms on the Tree of Life
• Albert Seward (1911). "Gymnosperms" . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.).
• Christopher Nigel Page (2023).The Evolution of Arborescent Gymnosperms. Cambridge … See more

A formal classification of the living gymnosperms is the "Acrogymnospermae", which form a monophyletic group within the spermatophytes. The wider "Gymnospermae" group includes extinct gymnosperms and … See more

The first published sequenced genome for any gymnosperm was the genome of Picea abies in 2013. See more

• Cantino, Philip D.; Doyle, James A.; Graham, Sean W.; Judd, Walter S.; Olmstead, Richard G.; Soltis, Douglas E.; Soltis, Pamela S.; Donoghue, Michael J. (August 2007). "Towards a phylogenetic nomenclature of Tracheophyta". Taxon. 56 (3): 822–846. See more