counseling orientations share some of the emphases of social constructionist principles, such as emphases on humanism and strengths of the clients. Finally, it must be clearly stated that...

Social Constructionism holds the view that there are no underlying processes at work; everything is in view and nothing is hidden. In other words, there is nothing beneath human struggles; no problem or issue that is not intimately tied to our cultural ways and stories.

Social constructionism has investigated personhood, male-female gender roles, sexuality, and the dzferent conceptualisations of appropriate social roles and emotional displays.

The author advances the claim that complementing this social constructionist approach with a more personal form of constructivism helps address certain deficiencies in either orientation taken alone, and provides a more comprehensive and useful frame for counselling and psychotherapy.