Mycenaean age
The first reference to the Spartans at war is in the Iliad, in which they featured among the other Greek contingents. Like the rest of the Mycenaean-era armies, it was depicted as … See more

At first, in the archaic period of 700–600 BC, education for both sexes was, as in most Greek states, centred on the arts, with the male citizen population later receiving See more

The Spartans used the same typical hoplite equipment as their other Greek neighbors; the only distinctive Spartan features were the crimson tunic (chitōn) and cloak (himation), … See more

Throughout their history, the Spartans were a land-based force par excellence. During the Persian Wars, they contributed a small navy of 20 See more

Social structure
The Spartans (the "Lacedaemonians") divided themselves into three classes:
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Tactics
Like the other Greek city-states' armies, the Spartan army was an infantry-based army that fought … See more

Spartan education
The Spartan public education system, the agoge, trained the mind as well as the body. Spartans were … See more