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  1. Plague - Overview

    Verified Expert
    Also known as: black death
    An infectious disease caused by the bacterium yersinia pestis, transmitted by fleas. This causes fever, headache and fatigue.
    Condition Highlight
    Urgent medical attention is usually recommended by healthcare providers
    Condition Highlight
    Can be dangerous or life threatening if untreated
    How common is condition?
    Very rare (Fewer than 20,000 cases per year in US)
    Is condition treatable?
    Treatable by a medical professional
    Does diagnosis require lab test or imaging?
    Requires lab test or imaging
    Time taken for recovery
    Can last several days or weeks
    Is condition preventable by vaccine?
    May be preventable by vaccine
    How is condition transmitted?
    Transmitted through airborne exposure
    Condition Highlight
    Common for ages 20 and older
    See more

    Causes

    Verified Expert

    • The causes include:
    • Plague is caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis
    • The bacteria are transmitted by fleas which have fed on infected rodents (rats, rabbits, squirrels)
    • The fleas can spread by handling infected animals, eating infected animals or by scratches or bites from infected domestic cats
    • A rare deadliest form, pneumonic plague can be spread from person to person by coughing The bacterium into The air

    See more

    Symptoms

    Verified Expert
    Seek immediate medical attention if you experience symptoms.

    Bubonic Plague Symptoms

    • Fever
    • Chills
    • Headache
    • Muscle pain
    • General weakness
    • Seizures
    • Painful, swollen lymph glands which are referred to as buboes

    Pneumonic Plague Symptoms

    • Breathing difficulties
    • Chest pain
    • Cough
    • Fever
    • Headache
    • Overall weakness
    • Bloody sputum

    Septicemic Plague Symptoms

    • Abdominal pain
    • Diarrhea
    • Nausea and vomiting
    • Fever and Chills
    • Extreme weakness
    • Bleeding
    • Shock
    • Gangrene

    See more

    Treatment

    Verified Expert

    Treatment options include antibiotics and supportive care.

    Medication

    Antibiotics: Strong antibiotics are prescribed to fight the infection.

    Gentamicin . Doxycycline . Ciprofloxacin . Levofloxacin

    See more
    plague_en
    Microsoft Start Health

    Diagnosis

    Verified Expert
    One or more of these tests may be recommended by your medical provider.
    Diagnosis is done by testing the body fluids for the presence of the bacteria.

    Common tests & procedures

    Blood test: Samples are collected to detect the presence of the bacterium.

    Sputum culture test: Samples are collected to detect the presence of the bacterium.

    See more
    Source: Focus Medica. For informational purposes only. Consult a medical professional for advice. | Disclaimer: Opinions are from external health professionals and should not be considered as Microsoft's opinion or a substitute for professional help. Consult a health professional for medical advice.
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    Table of Contents
    Overview
    Causes
    Symptoms
    How do humans get plague?
    Treatment
    Health guide
    Diagnosis
     

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  2. Plague in humans is caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis1234. It can be transmitted through flea bites, direct contact with infected tissues, or inhalation of infected respiratory droplets3. There are different forms of plague:
    Learn more:
    Plague is an illness you get from Yersinia pestis bacterium. You usually get the most common form (bubonic plague) from flea bites, but you can get pneumonic plague from someone who’s infected. Plague caused deadly pandemics in the past and still exists in many countries today. You can survive plague if you’re treated with antibiotics quickly.

    Plague: Types, History, Causes & Preve…

    my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17782-plague
    Plague is a disease that affects humans and other mammals. It is caused by the bacterium, Yersinia pestis. Humans usually become infected through the bite of an infected rodent flea or by handling an infected animal. Plague can be cured with antibiotics, but these must be given promptly to prevent serious illness or death.

    About Plague | Plague | CDC - Centers f…

    www.cdc.gov/plague/about/index.html
    Plague is transmitted between animals and humans by the bite of infected fleas, direct contact with infected tissues, and inhalation of infected respiratory droplets. Plague can be a very severe disease in people, with a case-fatality ratio of 30% to 60% for the bubonic type, and is always fatal for the pneumonic kind when left untreated.

    Plague - World Health Organization (W…

    www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/plague
    Plague is an infectious disease found in some small mammals and their fleas. People can contract plague if they are in bitten by infected fleas, and develop the bubonic form of plague. Sometimes bubonic plague progresses to pneumonic plague, when the bacteria reaches the lungs.

    Plague - World Health Organization (W…

    www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/it…
    Plague symptoms depend on how the patient was infected. The most common forms of plague are bubonic, pneumonic, and septicemic. Signs and symptoms Most common forms of plague. Bubonic plague: Patients develop fever, headache, chills, and weakness and one or more swollen, painful lymph nodes (called buboes).

    Signs and Symptoms of Plague | Plagu…

    www.cdc.gov/plague/signs-symptoms/index.html
     
  3. Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/...

    Plague - Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic

     
  4. WHO
    https://www.who.int/.../fact-sheets/detai…

    Plague - World Health Organization (WHO)

    WEBJul 7, 2022 · Plague is a severe bacterial infection transmitted by fleas, contact or inhalation. It can cause bubonic or pneumonic forms, with high mortality if untreated. Learn about diagnosis, prevention and …

  5. CDC
    https://www.cdc.gov/plague/signs-sym…

    Signs and Symptoms of Plague | Plague | CDC

    WEBMay 15, 2024 · Learn about the signs and symptoms of plague, a serious bacterial infection that can affect humans and animals. Find out how plague can be transmitted by fleas, inhalation, or contact, and how to …

  6. CDC
    https://www.cdc.gov/plague/maps-statistics

    Maps and Statistics | Plague | CDC

    WEBMay 15, 2024 · Key points. An average of seven human plague cases are reported each year in the United States. Plague occurs in the western U.S., with most cases in northern New Mexico and Arizona. More recent …

  7. Cleveland Clinic
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21590

    Bubonic Plague (Black Death): What Is It, Symptoms, Treatment

  8. Explore plague in humans

  9. Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plague_(dise…

    Plague (disease) - Wikipedia

    WEBPlague is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. [2] Symptoms include fever, weakness and headache. [1] Usually this begins one to seven days after exposure. [2] There are three forms of …

  10. CDC
    https://www.cdc.gov/plague

    About Plague | Plague | CDC - Centers for Disease Control and …

  11. WHO
    https://www.who.int/health-topics/plague

    Plague - World Health Organization (WHO)

    WEBSep 25, 2024 · Plague is an infectious disease caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria, usually found in small mammals and their fleas. The disease is transmitted between animals via their fleas and, as it is a zoonotic …

  12. WHO
    https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/plague

    Plague - World Health Organization (WHO)

  13. National Geographic
    https://www.nationalgeographic.com/.../th…

    Plague (Black Death) bacterial infection information …

    WEBJul 6, 2020 · Plague is one of the deadliest diseases in human history, second only to smallpox. A bacterial infection found mainly in rodents and associated fleas, plague readily leaps to humans in close...

  14. Cleveland Clinic
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/disea…

    Plague: Types, History, Causes & Prevention

    WEBPlague is an illness you get from Y. pestis bacterium. It’s spread by fleas, infected animals and sometimes other people. Plague is treated with antibiotics today.

  15. Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/...

    Plague - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic

  16. Healthline
    https://www.healthline.com/health/plague

    The Plague: Types, Causes, and Symptoms - Healthline

  17. Scientific American
    https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/plague...

    Plague Still Exists. Here's Where and How It Spreads in the U.S.

  18. CNN
    https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/05/health/plague-human-risk-explainer

    Plague is among the deadliest bacterial infections in human

  19. Britannica
    https://www.britannica.com/event/Black-Death

    Black Death | Definition, Cause, Symptoms, Effects, Death Toll,

  20. National Center for Biotechnology Information
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549855

    Plague - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf - National …

    WEBAug 7, 2023 · Plague is a zoonotic infection that has affected humans for thousands of years. In humans, the primary plague syndromes are bubonic, septicemic, and pneumonic. All of these result from infection with the …

  21. WebMD
    https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/plague-faq

    Plague: Bubonic, Pneumonic, and Septicemic - WebMD

  22. Britannica
    https://www.britannica.com/science/plague

    Plague | Definition, Symptoms, & History | Britannica

  23. CBS News
    https://www.cbsnews.com/news/plague-what-to-know...

    Human case of the plague appears in Colorado. What to know …

  24. History
    https://www.history.com/topics/middle-ages/black-death

    Black Death ‑ Causes, Symptoms & Impact - HISTORY

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  25. Oxford Academic
    https://academic.oup.com/jpubhealth/advance...

    Seven insights from Albert Camus’s Plague about epidemics, …

  26. CDC
    https://www.cdc.gov/plague/causes

    How Plague Spreads | Plague | CDC - Centers for Disease …

  27. Yahoo
    https://www.yahoo.com/news/peek-inside-human-brain...

    A peek inside human brain shows a way it cleans out waste - Yahoo

  28. OHCHR
    https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/thematic...

    A/79/152: Report of the Special Rapporteur on the elimination of ...

  29. AP News
    https://apnews.com/article/clearing-brain-waste...

    A peek inside human brain shows a way it cleans out waste

  30. Emergency Preparedness and Response | CDC
    https://emergency.cdc.gov/han/2024/han00509.asp?os=vb_&ref=app

    Health Alert Network (HAN) - 00509 | Severe Illness Potentially

  31. Axios
    https://www.axios.com/2024/10/08/ai-healthcare-women-chronic-disease

    How AI "twins" could help fill women's health gap - Axios

  32. CDC
    https://www.cdc.gov/plague/prevention

    Preventing Plague | Plague | CDC - Centers for Disease Control …

  33. STAT
    https://www.statnews.com/2024/10/08/crispr-babies...

    'CRISPR babies' scientist offered funding by crypto entrepreneur

  34. maine.gov
    https://www.maine.gov/dhhs/mecdc/infectious...

    COVID-19: Maine Data| Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

  35. CDC
    https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2024/s1003...

    CDC Confirms New Human Cases of H5 Bird Flu in California