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The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a conceptual framework developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 1984. It standardizes the functions of a telecommunication or computing system into seven distinct layers, each with specific responsibilities12.
The Seven Layers of the OSI Model
Physical Layer (Layer 1): This layer is responsible for the physical connection between devices. It transmits raw bit streams over a physical medium, such as cables or radio waves. Devices like hubs, repeaters, and cables operate at this layer13.
Data Link Layer (Layer 2): This layer ensures error-free data transfer between adjacent network nodes. It handles framing, physical addressing, and error detection. Devices like switches and bridges operate at this layer13.
Network Layer (Layer 3): This layer is responsible for data transmission between different networks. It handles logical addressing and routing, ensuring data packets find the best path to their destination. Routers operate at this layer13.
Transport Layer (Layer 4): This layer provides end-to-end communication services for applications. It ensures complete data transfer with error checking and flow control. Protocols like TCP and UDP operate at this layer13.
Session Layer (Layer 5): This layer manages sessions between applications. It establishes, maintains, and terminates connections, ensuring data exchange is synchronized and organized13.
Presentation Layer (Layer 6): This layer translates data between the application layer and the network. It handles data encryption, compression, and translation, ensuring data is in a usable format13.
Application Layer (Layer 7): This layer provides network services directly to end-user applications. It includes protocols like HTTP, FTP, and SMTP, which support web browsing, file transfer, and email services13.
OSI Model Layers and Protocols in Computer Network …
Jun 27, 2024 · OSI model tutorial covers the topics like OSI model definition, characteristics, history, physical, data link, transport, network, and session …
- Estimated Reading Time: 10 mins
The OSI Model – The 7 Layers of Networking Explained in Plain …
- Estimated Reading Time: 6 mins
- Layer 1 is the physical layer. There’s a lot of technology in Layer 1 - …
- Layer 2 is the data link layer. Layer 2 defines how data is formatted for …
- Layer 3 is the network layer. This is where we send information between and …
- Layer 4 is the transport layer. This where we dive into the nitty gritty specifics …
- Layer 5 is the session layer. This layer establishes, maintains, and …
OSI Model Reference Chart - Cisco Learning Network
The Cisco Learning Network has developed an OSI model chart to help aid in your learning. This chart organizes and describes the seven layers, providing examples in the form of protocols and devices, as well as in relation to the …
OSI Model: 7 Layers Explained in Computer Network - javatpoint
- Physical layer. The main functionality of the physical layer is to transmit the …
- Data-Link Layer. This layer is responsible for the error-free transfer of data …
- Network Layer. It is a layer 3 that manages device addressing, tracks the …
- Transport Layer. The Transport layer is a Layer 4 ensures that messages are …
- Session Layer. It is a layer 3 in the OSI model. The Session layer is used to …
OSI - Model | Protocol | Tutorial - CodesandTutorials
Read this reference model properly, because this will help you in understanding TCP/IP protocol and other networking concepts. The Open Systems InterConnetion (OSI) model is a reference model developed by International …
What is OSI Model? All Layers Explained With …
What is OSI Model in Computer Networking? Layers, Diagram, Protocols, Devices, Data Flow, Pros & Cons. What Is Ethical Hacking? Meaning, Uses, Benefits, Process, Types, Requirements & More. What Are Different Types of …
7 Layers of The OSI Model (A Complete Guide)
Jan 16, 2025 · Open system interconnection (OSI) reference model consists of seven layers or seven steps which concludes the overall communication system. In this tutorial, we will take an in-depth look at the functionality of each layer.
OSI Network Model Basics: Layers, Devices,
There are 7 separate layers of the OSI network model, which are united by a common protocol stack. General rules and guidelines are the basis of each level.
OSI Model Analogy - OSI 7 layers Explained - GeeksforGeeks
Feb 6, 2025 · OSI Model Analogy OSI Model. Let’s break down the OSI model with a detailed , comparing it to the process of sending a physical package or letter through a postal service. 1. …
OSI Seven Layers Model Explained with Examples
Oct 16, 2024 · Learn the OSI reference model, a framework for creating and implementing networking standards, devices, and internetworking schemes. See the functions and protocols of each layer with examples and diagrams.
OSI Model: 7 Layers Explained in Computer Network
The OSI Model has seven layers, while the TCP/IP Model has four layers: Application, Transport, Internet, and Network Interface. The TCP/IP Model is more practical and used as the basis for …
OSI model - Wikipedia
Classes of functionality are implemented in software development using established communication protocols. Each layer in the OSI model has well-defined functions, and the …
OSI Model Reference Guide (With Examples) - Lifewire
Nov 14, 2019 · By separating network communications into smaller logical pieces, the OSI model simplifies how network protocols are designed. The OSI model was designed to ensure …
The OSI Model is a conceptual and logical framework that outlines network communication protocols for systems that are open to interconnect and communicate with other systems. Data …
Beginner’s Guide to the OSI Model: Understanding the 7
Dec 26, 2024 · In this article, we’ll provide a professional-yet-beginner-friendly overview of each OSI layer, its functions, relevant protocols, and the advantages of using this foundational …
What is OSI Model | 7 Layers Explained - Imperva
Nov 7, 2024 · What Is the OSI Model? The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model describes seven layers that computer systems use to communicate over a network. The OSI model is …
What is the OSI model? The 7 layers of OSI explained - TechTarget
As mentioned, the model is designed to break down data transmission standards, processes and protocols over a series of seven layers, each of which is responsible for performing specific …
The OSI Model - Codecademy
· In 1984, the open systems interconnection (OSI) model was published as a framework for network communication. The model breaks down computer network …Up to
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cash backOSI Model: The 7 Layers of Network Architecture - BMC Software
Jul 31, 2024 · Network layer hardware includes routes, bridge routers, 3-layer switches, and protocols such as Internet (IPv4) Protocol version 4 and Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6). …
Network layer - Wikipedia
For example, Internet Protocol is connectionless, in that a data packet can travel from a sender to a recipient without the recipient having to send an acknowledgement. Connection-oriented …
What is TCP/IP Model and How Does The Protocol Work
Jan 15, 2025 · Unlike the OSI model’s seven-layer structure, TCP/IP operates on a simpler four-layer framework: Network Link Layer, Internet Layer, Transport Layer, and Application Layer. …
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