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  1. Plasma (physics) - Wikipedia

    • Plasmas are by far the most common phase of ordinary matter in the universe, both by mass and by volume. [42] Above the Earth's surface, the ionosphere is a plasma, [43] and the magnetosphere contains plasma. [44] See more

    Overview

    Plasma (from Ancient Greek πλάσμα (plásma) 'moldable substance' ) is one of four fundamental states of matter (the other … See more

    Early history

    Plasma was first identified in laboratory by Sir William Crookes. Crookes presented a lecture on what he called "radiant matter" to the British Association for the Advancement of Science, in Sheffield, on Friday, 22 August 187… See more

    Definitions

    Plasma is called the fourth state of matter after solid, liquid, and gas. It is a state of matter in which an ionized substance becomes highly electrically conductive to the point that long-range electric and magnetic fields dominate … See more

    Properties and parameters

    For plasma to exist, ionization is necessary. The term "plasma density" by itself usually refers to the electron density , that is, the number of charge-contributing electrons per unit volume. The degree of ionization is defined as f… See more

    Mathematical descriptions

    To completely describe the state of a plasma, all of the particle locations and velocities that describe the electromagnetic field in the plasma region would need to be written down. However, it is generally not practical or … See more

    Plasma science and technology

    Plasmas are studied by the vast academic field of plasma science or plasma physics, including several sub-disciplines such as space plasma physics.
    Plasmas can appear in nature in various forms and l… See more

    Complex plasma phenomena

    Although the underlying equations governing plasmas are relatively simple, plasma behaviour is extraordinarily varied and subtle: the emergence of unexpected behaviour from a simple model is a typical feature of a … See more

     
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  2. Fourth state of matter
    • According to 2 sources
    Plasma is called the fourth state of matter after solid, liquid, and gas. [16][17][18] It is a state of matter in which an ionized substance becomes highly electrically conductive to the point that long-range electric and magnetic fields dominate its behaviour. [19][20]
    Plasma is considered the fourth state of matter. The other fundamental states of matter are liquids, solids, and gases. Typically, plasma is made by heating a gas until its electrons have sufficient energy to escape the hold of the positively charged nuclei.
     
  3. Plasma | Physics, State of Matter, & Facts | Britannica

    Oct 30, 2024 · Plasma, in physics, an electrically conducting medium in which there are roughly equal numbers of positively and negatively charged particles, produced when the atoms in a gas become ionized. It is sometimes referred to …

     
  4. States of Matter: Plasma - Live Science

    May 5, 2016 · Plasma is a state of matter that is often thought of as a subset of gases, but the two states behave very differently. Like gases, plasmas have no fixed shape or volume, and are less dense than...

  5. DOE Explains...Plasma | Department of Energy

    In plasma, some of the electrons separate and become free from neutral atoms (atoms that have an equal number of protons and electrons and thus a neutral charge). The resulting free electrons makes plasma different from the other …

  6. Phase Changes of Matter (Phase Transitions)

    Oct 8, 2020 · There are six phase changes between solids, liquids, and gases, and eight phase changes if you include plasma. There are additional phase changes if you explore condensed matter physics or metallurgy.

  7. Plasmas explained - Science Learning Hub

    Plasma is the highest energy state of matter. It consists of a collection of free-moving electrons, positive ions and neutral particles. Although it is closely related to the gas phase in that it has no definite shape or volume, it does differ in a …

  8. 20 Examples of Plasma (Physics) - Science Notes …

    Apr 28, 2020 · Plasma displays properties that distinguish it from other states of matter. Because it consists of charged particles, plasma has innate electrical conductivity. Because the charged particles have kinetic energy, plasma …

  9. Explainer: What are the different states of matter?

    Oct 26, 2022 · A plasma can be created by heating a gas to extremely high temperatures. A plasma may also form when a jolt of high voltage moves across a space of air between two points. Though they are rare on Earth, plasmas are …

  10. Plasma Definition in Chemistry and Physics - ThoughtCo

    Feb 9, 2019 · Plasma is a state of matter where the gas phase is energized until atomic electrons are no longer associated with any particular atomic nucleus. Plasmas are made up of positively charged ions and unbound electrons.

  11. ‪States of Matter‬ - PhET Interactive Simulations

  12. Phases of Matter - NASA

    May 13, 2021 · A plasma has some unique qualities that causes scientists to label it a "fourth phase" of matter. A plasma is a fluid, like a liquid or gas, but because of the charged particles present in a plasma, it responds to and generates …

  13. Properties of Plasma - Chemistry LibreTexts

  14. Plasma - Center for Science Education

  15. Everything is plasma - Nature Physics

  16. 1.3: Phases and Classification of Matter - Chemistry LibreTexts

  17. What Is Plasma Used For, and What Is It Made Of? - ThoughtCo

  18. Science Made Simple: What Is Plasma? - SciTechDaily

  19. States of matter: Definition and phases of change | Live Science

  20. PLASMA - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

  21. 1.4: Phases and Classification of Matter - Chemistry LibreTexts