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  1. Puddling (metallurgy) - Wikipedia

    • Puddling is the process of converting pig iron to bar (wrought) iron in a coal fired reverberatory furnace. It was developed in England during the 1780s. The molten pig iron was stirred in a reverberatory furnace, in an oxidizing environment to burn the carbon, resulting in wrought iron. It was one of the most important processes for making the first apprecia… See more

    History

    Modern puddling was one of several processes developed in the second half of the 18th century in Great Britain for producing bar iron from pig iron without the use of charcoal. It gradually replaced the earlier char… See more

    Process

    The process begins by preparing the puddling furnace. This involves bringing the furnace to a low temperature and then fettling it. Fettling is the process of painting the grate and walls around it with iron oxides, typi… See more

    Puddled steel

    In the late 1840s, the German chemist Franz Anton Lohage [de] developed a modification of the puddling process to produce not iron but steel at the Haspe Iron Works in Hagen; it was subsequently commercial… See more

     
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  2. Puddling is the process of converting pig iron to bar (wrought) iron in a coal fired reverberatory furnace. It was developed in England during the 1780s. The molten pig iron was stirred in a reverberatory furnace, in an oxidizing environment to burn the carbon, resulting in wrought iron.
    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puddling_(metallurgy)
    Puddled iron, a nineteenth century material that behaves differently from the steel used in most buildings today, holds the key to the Eiffel Tower’s resilience. In the puddling process, impurities are burnt out of pig iron through the aid of iron oxides and a current of air through the furnace.
    www.yalescientific.org/2011/05/secrets-of-the-eiffel …
     
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  4. Puddlers, Shinglers & Rollers: the Story of Malleable Iron

     
  5. The Legacy of Puddled Iron in Contemporary Metallurgy

    Puddled iron, a landmark innovation of the Industrial Revolution, was a form of refined iron produced through a process known as puddling. This method involved decarburizing molten pig iron in a reverberatory furnace, which, by …

  6. Iron puddler - Wikipedia

  7. Puddling process | Iron Smelting, Refining & Casting | Britannica

  8. Puddling: a metallurgical perspective | Historical Metallurgy

  9. Puddling (metallurgy) - chemeurope.com

  10. What is Puddling? - AllTheScience

    May 21, 2024 · Puddling is a metallurgical process which was used during the Industrial Revolution as a means of making iron and steel. It is used by subjecting pig iron or any other impure metal to intense heat and frequent stirring inside a …

  11. Puddling Steel, Technique and History of | SpringerLink

  12. The Puddler - The Melting Pot

    Feb 11, 2017 · Puddling was a method of turning pig iron into much more malleable wrought iron. It was invented by Henry Cort but perfected by Richard Crawshay at Cyfarthfa in the 1790s.

  13. Iron in 1790: production statistics 1787-96 and the arrival of puddling

  14. Why was wrought iron used for the Eiffel Tower? – Sage-Advices

  15. Puddling (metallurgy) - Wikiwand

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  17. Puddling and Boiling Iron - Scientific American

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  19. Puddled Iron Corrosion

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