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    https://en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Puddling_(metallurgy)

    Puddling (metallurgy) - Wikipedia

    • The puddling furnace is a metalmaking technology used to create wrought iron or steel from the pig iron produced in a blast furnace. The furnace is constructed to pull the hot air over the iron without the fuel coming into direct contact with the iron, a system generally known as a reverberatory furnace or open hearth furnace. The major advantage of thi… See more

    Overview

    Puddling is the process of converting pig iron to bar (wrought) iron in a coal fired reverberatory furnace. It was developed … See more

    History

    Modern puddling was one of several processes developed in the second half of the 18th century in Great Britain for producing bar iron from pig iron without the use of charcoal. It gradually replaced the earlier char… See more

    Process

    The process begins by preparing the puddling furnace. This involves bringing the furnace to a low temperature and then fettling it. Fettling is the process of painting the grate and walls around it with iron oxides, typi… See more

    Puddled steel

    In the late 1840s, the German chemist Franz Anton Lohage [de] developed a modification of the puddling process to produce not iron but steel at the Haspe Iron Works in Hagen; it was subsequently commercial… See more

    Footnotes

    Sources
    • Landes, David. S. (1969). The Unbound Prometheus: Technological Change and Industrial Development in Western Europe from 1750 to the Present. Cambridge, New York: Pres… See more

    Further reading

    • W. K. V. Gale, Iron and Steel (Longmans, London 1969), 55ff.
    • W. K. V. Gale, The British Iron and Steel Industry: a technical history (David & Charles, Newton Abbot 1967), 62–66.… See more

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    Table of Contents
    Overview
    History
    Process
    Puddled steel
    See also
    Footnotes
    Further reading
     

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