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    Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Puddling_(metallurgy)

    Puddling (metallurgy) - Wikipedia

    • The puddling furnace is a metalmaking technology used to create wrought iron or steel from the pig iron produced in a blast furnace. The furnace is constructed to pull the hot air over the iron without the fuel coming into direct contact with the iron, a system generally known as a reverberatory furnace or open hearth furnace. The major advantage of this system is k… See more

    Overview

    Puddling is the process of converting pig iron to bar (wrought) iron in a coal fired reverberatory furnace. It was developed … See more

    History

    Modern puddling was one of several processes developed in the second half of the 18th century in Great Britain for producing bar iron from pig iron without the use of charcoal. It gradually replaced the earlier char… See more

    Process

    The process begins by preparing the puddling furnace. This involves bringing the furnace to a low temperature and then fettling it. Fettling is the process of painting the grate and walls around it with iron oxides, typi… See more

    Puddled steel

    In the late 1840s, the German chemist Franz Anton Lohage [de] developed a modification of the puddling process to produce not iron but steel at the Haspe Iron Works in Hagen; it was subsequently commercial… See more

    Footnotes

    Sources
    • Landes, David. S. (1969). The Unbound Prometheus: Technological Change and Industrial Development in Western Europe from 1750 to the Present. Cambridge, New York: Pres… See more

    Further reading

    • W. K. V. Gale, Iron and Steel (Longmans, London 1969), 55ff.
    • W. K. V. Gale, The British Iron and Steel Industry: a technical history (David & Charles, Newton Abbot 1967), 62–66.… See more

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    Table of Contents
    Overview
    History
    Process
    Puddled steel
    See also
    Footnotes
    Further reading
     

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  2. Historical Metallurgy
    https://hmsjournal.org › index.php › home › article › view

    Puddling: a metallurgical perspective | Historical Metallurgy

     
  3. Britannica
    https://www.britannica.com › technology › puddling-process

    Puddling process | Iron Smelting, Refining & Casting | Britannica

  4. AllTheScience
    https://www.allthescience.org › what-is-puddling.htm

    What is Puddling? - AllTheScience

  5. J-Stage
    https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp › article › isijinternational › _pdf
    [PDF]

    Puddling: A New Look at an Old Process - J-STAGE

  6. chemeurope.com
    https://www.chemeurope.com › en › encyclopedia › Puddling...

    Puddling (metallurgy) - chemeurope.com

  7. Historical Metallurgy
    https://www.hmsjournal.org › index.php › home › article › download
    [PDF]

    Merton C Flemings and David V Ragone - hmsjournal.org

  8. Britannica
    https://www.britannica.com › technology › puddling-furnace

    Puddling furnace | metallurgy | Britannica

  9. Springer
    https://link.springer.com › referenceworkentry

    Puddling Steel, Technique and History of | SpringerLink

  10. jupiterscience.com
    https://jupiterscience.com › chemistry › the-legacy-of...

    The Legacy of Puddled Iron in Contemporary Metallurgy

    Puddled iron, a landmark innovation of the Industrial Revolution, was a form of refined iron produced through a process known as puddling. This method involved decarburizing molten pig iron in a reverberatory furnace, which, by …

  11. Springer
    https://link.springer.com › referenceworkentry

    Puddling Steel - SpringerLink

  12. Fiveable
    https://library.fiveable.me › ... › puddling-process

    Puddling process - (Honors World History) - Fiveable

  13. CultureNL Museums
    https://www.culturenlmuseums.co.uk › story › puddlers...

    Puddlers, Shinglers & Rollers: the Story of Malleable Iron

  14. aanm.org
    https://careers.aanm.org › career › puddler

    What does a Puddler do? Career Overview, Roles, Jobs | AANM

  15. ResearchGate
    https://www.researchgate.net › publication

    (PDF) Structural Materials: Metallurgy of Bridges: Prehistory to …

  16. Wikiwand
    https://www.wikiwand.com › en › articles › Puddling_(metallurgy)

    Puddling (metallurgy) - Wikiwand

  17. Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Ironworks

    Ironworks - Wikipedia

  18. LiquiSearch
    https://www.liquisearch.com › puddling_metallurgy › puddling_furnace

    Puddling (metallurgy) - Puddling Furnace - LiquiSearch

  19. Academia.edu
    https://www.academia.edu › Structural_Materials_Metallurgy_of_Bridges

    Structural Materials: Metallurgy of Bridges - Academia.edu

  20. Trustoria
    https://trustoria.com › engineer › Metallurgist › Saint-Louis-MO

    35 Metallurgists in Saint Louis, MO Directory - Trustoria

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