Foraging is the oldest subsistence pattern, with all human societies relying on it until approximately 10,000 … See more

Horticultural societies typically engage in small-scale gardening with simple tools. These methods allow for higher population densities but still depend on the availability of plentiful, undeveloped land. A common type of horti… See more

Pastoralism is the herding and breeding of domestic animals. Pastoralism is common in arid geographic regions, or those with fluctuating rainfall. In such places, raising herbivores is often a more reliable lifestyle than … See more

Agriculture is the intensive maintenance and cultivation of land for food production. It is distinct from horticulture in its use of more diverse and complex technology to plant, irrigate, plow, fertilize, and harvest from considerabl… See more