The first measuring tools were actually based around the human body, which is how some of today’s measurement standards got their name. An inch was considered the width of a thumb, a foot was just that—the length of a foot—and a yard was the length of a man’s belt.

The earliest known records of measurement originated in 3000 BC in Egypt. Measurement evidence was found during the building of pyramids. The cubit is defined as the length of the Pharaoh’s forearm plus the width of his hand.

Starting in the 18th century, modernized, simplified and uniform systems of weights and measures were developed, with the fundamental units defined by ever more precise methods in the science of metrology. The discovery and application of electricity was one factor motivating the development of standardized internationally applicable units.

Learn about the ancient origins of metrology tools and how civilizations across the globe developed their own methods of precise measurement.

Many early measurement practices relied on visual or physical observation, with measurement standards often based on the human body. Technological advances Tools – such as stone cubes and sundials – aid with standardised measurements.